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Ce mémoire étudie le mode de vie zéro déchet selon la sociologie pragmatique de Boltanski et Thévenot. A travers une démarche qualitative par théorisation ancrée, il cherche à répondre à la question de recherche : Est-ce que les adeptes belges du zéro déchet partagent une cause commune et s’inscrivent dans un mouvement social qui se veut politique ?

zero waste --- zero déchet --- mode de vie alternatif --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Sociologie & sciences sociales

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614.61 --- Afvalpreventie --- milieu --- klimaat --- milieubeleid, milieurecht --- Huishouden en milieu --- Kunststoffen en milieu --- afvalpreventie --- milieubeleid --- Milieu --- Milieu ; verontreiniging --- Milieuproblemen --- Natuurbescherming --- Milieubewustzijn --- Plastic --- Huishouden --- identiteit, wereldburgerschap en diversiteit --- 570 --- zero waste --- afval --- ecologie --- environnement

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Nowadays, the model on which mass retailing is based is increasingly being called into question. As part of a highly standardised and industrialised system, mass retailing is part of a logic that is not very concerned about the environment that surrounds it. In addition to the scandals that have erupted in recent years concerning mad cow disease or horse-meat lasagne, the latter uses methods that have negative consequences for both our ecosystem and our health. 
Launched in a relentless race to maximise profit, mass distribution does not hesitate to put pressure on prices in order to offer ever more attractive conditions to the customer. Not surprisingly, this has repercussions on the producer, whose income is so low that he often finds himself in precarious situations. 
Against the tide of this trend, some actors are showing their desire to break with such a system and are developing other forms of distribution. Sometimes based on older foundations, sometimes on the emergence of new practices, these initiatives are part of what many authors call "alternative food systems". Although each of these project leaders proposes an alternative to large-scale distribution, they do not all choose the same path to move away from it. For instance, we can see the emergence of shops specialising in the sale of organic products, models tending to bring producers and consumers closer together, and grocery stores advocating the reduction of packaging.
First, this paper introduces the concept of "alternative food retailer" and the context in which it is emerging. Then, it identifies the factors that influence such distributors to move towards organic, local and/or zero-waste initiatives.
Secondly, by conducting a survey in the district of Verviers (Belgium), this work attempts to gain a better understanding of the choices made by each of the targeted distributors. Why do they move towards a particular speciality? Do they choose to harmonise their practices? How do they arbitrate between their values? These will be the major themes addressed. De nos jours, le modèle sur lequel repose la grande distribution est de plus en plus remis en cause. Partie prenante d’un système fortement standardisé et industrialisé, la grande distribution s’inscrit dans des logiques peu soucieuses de l’environnement qui l’entoure. Outre les scandales qui ont éclaté ces dernières années concernant la maladie de la vache folle ou les lasagnes à la viande de cheval, cette dernière emploie des méthodes qui engendrent des conséquences négatives tant sur notre écosystème que sur notre santé. 
Lancée dans une course acharnée à la conquête de la maximisation du profit, la grande distribution n’hésite pas à faire pression sur les prix afin de proposer des conditions toujours plus attractives pour le client. Cela se répercute sans surprise sur le producteur dont les revenus sont tellement amoindris qu’il se retrouve bien souvent dans des situations précaires. 
A contre-courant de cette mouvance, certains acteurs manifestent leur envie de rompre avec un tel système et développent d’autres formes de distribution. Reposant tantôt sur des fondements plus anciens, tantôt sur l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques, ces initiatives s’inscrivent au sein de ce que nombre d’auteurs qualifient de « systèmes alimentaires alternatifs ». Si chacun de ces porteurs de projet proposent une alternative à la grande distribution, tous ne choisissent pas le même chemin pour s’en éloigner. Ainsi, on constate notamment l’émergence de commerces spécialisés dans la vente de produits bio, des modèles tendant à rapprocher producteur et consommateur ou encore des épiceries prônant la réduction des emballages.
Dans un premier temps, ce mémoire introduit le concept de « distributeur agroalimentaire alternatif » et le contexte dans lequel il émerge. Ensuite, il recense les facteurs qui influencent de tels distributeurs à se diriger dans des initiatives bio, locales et/ou zéro déchet.
Dans un second temps, en menant une enquête dans l’arrondissement de Verviers (Belgique), ce travail tente de mieux percevoir les choix entrepris par chacun des distributeurs visés. Pourquoi se dirigent-il vers une spécialité en particulier ? Font-ils le choix d’harmoniser leurs pratiques ? Comment procèdent-ils à des arbitrages entre leurs valeurs ? Tels seront les thèmes majeurs abordés.

Alternative food retailer --- Arbitration --- Belgium --- Choice made --- Constraints --- Harmonisation --- Local food --- Motivations --- Organic food --- Zero waste initiatives --- Distributeurs agroalimentaires alternatifs --- Arbitrages --- Belgique --- Choix effectués --- Harmonisation --- Denrées locales --- Motivations --- Denrées biologiques --- Initiatives zéro déchet --- Freins --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Production, distribution & gestion de la chaîne logistique --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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The papers selected for publication in the Special Issue “Urban and industrial wastewater disinfection and decontamination by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): current issues and future trends” and published in this book, include topics related with (waste)water treatment and its reuse, disinfection, and pollutant degradation, advancing the know-how of the topics or assessing their integration into the new age of the circular economy of water. Likewise, aspects such as modeling of degradation processes and new materials synthesis were published, aiming to improve, optimize and predict the efficacy of the existing or the novel treatment processes. Moreover, pilot plant operation and large-scale processes were featured, assessing the feasibility of these new treatment methods in real world applications. Overall, the Special Issue and this book present innovative solutions on the field of water and wastewater treatment, with a view on the future technologies that will form the next advances of the field.

emerging pollutants --- advanced oxidation process --- water pollution --- ultrasound --- flower-like Bi2WO6 --- E.coli inactivation --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- photocatalysis --- solar disinfection --- water treatment --- pollution --- circular economy --- wastewater reuse --- zero waste --- zero energy --- substances recovery --- sustainable development goals --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- titanium dioxide --- tin oxide --- graphene oxide --- chemical oxygen demand --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- removal efficiency --- slurry reactor --- computer-based learning --- solar photocatalysis --- water contaminants --- kinetic modeling --- photoreactor design --- UV-LED --- TiO2 --- hexacyanoferrate --- mining --- hydrothermal method --- elimination routes --- fresh urine --- pharmaceutical degradation --- processes selectivity --- theoretical analysis --- advanced oxidation --- membrane technology --- micropollutants --- biological contaminants --- cytotoxicity --- n/a

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The papers selected for publication in the Special Issue “Urban and industrial wastewater disinfection and decontamination by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): current issues and future trends” and published in this book, include topics related with (waste)water treatment and its reuse, disinfection, and pollutant degradation, advancing the know-how of the topics or assessing their integration into the new age of the circular economy of water. Likewise, aspects such as modeling of degradation processes and new materials synthesis were published, aiming to improve, optimize and predict the efficacy of the existing or the novel treatment processes. Moreover, pilot plant operation and large-scale processes were featured, assessing the feasibility of these new treatment methods in real world applications. Overall, the Special Issue and this book present innovative solutions on the field of water and wastewater treatment, with a view on the future technologies that will form the next advances of the field.

Technology: general issues --- emerging pollutants --- advanced oxidation process --- water pollution --- ultrasound --- flower-like Bi2WO6 --- E.coli inactivation --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- photocatalysis --- solar disinfection --- water treatment --- pollution --- circular economy --- wastewater reuse --- zero waste --- zero energy --- substances recovery --- sustainable development goals --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- titanium dioxide --- tin oxide --- graphene oxide --- chemical oxygen demand --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- removal efficiency --- slurry reactor --- computer-based learning --- solar photocatalysis --- water contaminants --- kinetic modeling --- photoreactor design --- UV-LED --- TiO2 --- hexacyanoferrate --- mining --- hydrothermal method --- elimination routes --- fresh urine --- pharmaceutical degradation --- processes selectivity --- theoretical analysis --- advanced oxidation --- membrane technology --- micropollutants --- biological contaminants --- cytotoxicity