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This book contains state-of-the-art experimental and numerical studies showing the most recent advancements in the field of rotary wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity, with particular application to the rotorcraft and wind energy research fields.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- rotary-wing aerodynamics --- rotor interaction --- eVTOL aircraft --- computational fluid dynamics --- vortex particle method --- blade design --- wind turbine model --- wind tunnel --- natural laboratory --- vortex detection criterion --- BEM method --- tip vortex interactions --- DAWT --- ducted wind turbine --- H type Darrieus --- VAWT --- dynamic stall --- leading edge vortex --- aeroelasticity --- fluid-structure interaction --- multibody dynamics --- tiltrotor --- handling qualities --- piloted simulation --- wind turbine wake --- helicopter vortex–rotor interaction --- wake vortex encounter --- helicopter offshore operation --- flight safety --- rotorcraft --- offshore wind energy --- n/a --- helicopter vortex-rotor interaction

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This Special Issue “Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications” hosts papers on aspects of remote sensing for atmospheric conditions for wind energy applications. Wind lidar technology is presented from a theoretical view on the coherent focused Doppler lidar principles. Furthermore, wind lidar for applied use for wind turbine control, wind farm wake, and gust characterizations is presented, as well as methods to reduce uncertainty when using lidar in complex terrain. Wind lidar observations are used to validate numerical model results. Wind Doppler lidar mounted on aircraft used for observing winds in hurricane conditions and Doppler radar on the ground used for very short-term wind forecasting are presented. For the offshore environment, floating lidar data processing is presented as well as an experiment with wind-profiling lidar on a ferry for model validation. Assessments of wind resources in the coastal zone using wind-profiling lidar and global wind maps using satellite data are presented..

complex flow --- Floating Lidar System (FLS) --- mesoscale --- wind energy resources --- variational analysis --- wind turbine --- wind sensing --- wind energy --- wind gusts --- wake --- wind structure --- complex terrain --- global ocean --- remote sensing forecasting --- detached eddy simulation --- five-minute ahead wind power forecasting --- tropical cyclones --- fetch effect --- aerosol --- vertical Light Detection and Ranging --- range gate length --- resource assessment --- field experiments --- remote sensing --- optical flow --- turbulence --- atmospheric boundary layer --- Doppler Wind Lidar --- offshore --- empirical equation --- Lidar --- WindSAT --- coastal wind measurement --- offshore wind speed forecasting --- Doppler wind lidar --- Doppler --- wind --- wind lidar --- cross-correlation --- QuikSCAT --- wind resource assessment --- detecting and tracking --- single-particle --- gust prediction --- NWP model --- velocity-azimuth-display algorithm --- lidar-assisted control (LAC) --- Doppler lidar --- motion estimation --- power performance testing --- lidar --- large-eddy simulations --- wind farm --- coherent Doppler lidar --- wake modeling --- probabilistic forecasting --- control --- NeoWins --- wind turbine controls --- impact prediction --- wind turbine wake --- Hazaki Oceanographical Research Station --- VAD --- virtual lidar --- Doppler radar --- IEA Wind Task 32 --- ASCAT --- wind atlas --- turbulence intensity

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Wind turbine aerodynamics is one of the central subjects of wind turbine technology. To reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), the size of a single wind turbine has been increased to 12 MW at present, with further increases expected in the near future. Big wind turbines and their associated wind farms have many advantages but also challenges. The typical effects are mainly related to the increase in Reynolds number and blade flexibility. This Special Issue is a collection of 21 important research works addressing the aerodynamic challenges appearing in such developments. The 21 research papers cover a wide range of problems related to wind turbine aerodynamics, which includes atmospheric turbulent flow modeling, wind turbine flow modeling, wind turbine design, wind turbine control, wind farm flow modeling in complex terrain, wind turbine noise modeling, vertical axis wind turbine, and offshore wind energy. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of enabling the technological development of new environmentally friendly and cost-effective wind energy systems in order to reach the target of 100% energy use from renewable sources, worldwide, by 2050

simplified free vortex wake --- n/a --- H-type VAWT --- variable pitch --- wind tunnel experiment --- rotor blade optimization --- Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) --- wake effect --- wind turbine noise propagation --- RANS --- axial steady condition --- wind turbine blades --- optimization --- computational fluid dynamic --- straight blade --- typhoon --- gradient-based --- image processing --- actuator line method --- piezo-electric flow sensor --- stall --- turbulence --- airfoil design --- vortex ring --- defects --- DMST model --- wind turbine design --- S809 airfoil --- dynamic fluid body interaction --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- ABL stability --- semi-submersible platform --- random search --- floating offshore wind turbine --- blade length --- adjoint approach --- Fatigue Loads --- wind turbine optimization --- wind turbine airfoil --- particle swarm optimization --- rotational augmentation --- NREL Phase VI --- mechanical performance --- coupling of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics --- tip speed ratio --- aerodynamics --- oscillating freestream --- super-statistics --- blade element momentum theory --- wind turbine --- wind energy --- boundary layer separation --- wind turbine blade optimization --- actuator disc --- dynamic stall --- complex terrain --- laminar-turbulent transition --- SCADA --- OpenFOAM --- atmospheric stability --- computational fluid dynamics --- economic analysis --- OC5 DeepCWind --- wind tunnel --- actuator disk --- meso/microscale --- cost of energy --- power coefficient --- pitch oscillation --- condition monitoring --- aerodynamic characteristics --- blade parametrization --- wind turbine wakes --- truss Spar floating foundation --- wind resource assessment --- wind shear --- wind turbine noise source --- design --- low wind speed areas --- aerodynamic --- wind farm --- met mast measurements --- turbulent inflow --- VAWTs (Vertical axis wind turbines) --- thermography --- wind speed extrapolation --- MEXICO --- wind turbine wake --- aerodynamic force --- layout optimization --- H-type floating VAWT --- LES --- NACA0012

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The book contains the research contributions belonging to the Special Issue "Numerical Simulation of Wind Turbines", published in 2020-2021. They consist of 15 original research papers and 1 editorial. Different topics are discussed, from innovative design solutions for large and small wind turbine to control, from advanced simulation techniques to noise prediction. The variety of methods used in the research contributions testifies the need for a holistic approach to the design and simulation of modern wind turbines and will be able to stimulate the interest of the wind energy community.

Technology: general issues --- large-scale wind turbine balde --- computational aeroacoustics --- sound source detection --- low Mach number turbulent flows --- NACA0012 airfoil --- fluid–structure interaction --- wind turbine --- atmospheric boundary layer --- composite materials --- gusts --- wind energy --- actuator line method --- wind turbine simulation --- regularization kernel --- small wind turbine (SWT) --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- composites --- fluid–structure interaction (FSI) --- VAWT --- gurney flap --- CFD --- RBF --- power augmentation --- Darrieus --- turbulence --- experiments --- turbine wake --- turbine size --- large-eddy simulation --- actuator surface model --- wind turbine wake --- actuator disk model --- dynamic mode decomposition --- coherent structures --- wake meandering --- vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) --- Savonius turbine --- deformable blades --- power coefficient --- blade load --- fluid-structure interaction (FSI) --- uncertainty quantification --- blade damage --- AEP --- winglet --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), wind energy --- renewable energy --- rotor blade --- tip vortices --- aerodynamics --- ansys fluent --- savonius turbine --- icewind turbine --- static torque --- three-dimensional simulation --- Delayed DES --- H-Darrieus --- micro wind power generation --- wind turbine control --- load mitigation --- individual pitch control --- lifting line free vortex wake --- vortex methods --- pitch --- stall --- engineering codes --- n/a --- fluid-structure interaction

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Power network operators are rapidly incorporating wind power generation into their power grids to meet the widely accepted carbon neutrality targets and facilitate the transition from conventional fossil-fuel energy sources to clean and low-carbon renewable energy sources. Complex stability issues, such as frequency, voltage, and oscillatory instability, are frequently reported in the power grids of many countries and regions (e.g., Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and South Australia) due to the substantially increased wind power generation. Control techniques, such as virtual/emulated inertia and damping controls, could be developed to address these stability issues, and additional devices, such as energy storage systems, can also be deployed to mitigate the adverse impact of high wind power generation on various system stability problems. Moreover, other wind power integration aspects, such as capacity planning and the short- and long-term forecasting of wind power generation, also require careful attention to ensure grid security and reliability. This book includes fourteen novel research articles published in this Energies Special Issue on Wind Power Integration into Power Systems: Stability and Control Aspects, with topics ranging from stability and control to system capacity planning and forecasting.

Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- DFIG --- ES --- virtual inertia control --- capacity allocation --- fuzzy logic controller --- wind power generation --- multi-model predictive control --- fuzzy clustering --- virtual synchronous generator --- doubly fed induction generator --- sub-synchronous resonance --- impedance modeling --- renewable energy sources (RESs) --- regional RoCoF --- model-based operational planning --- linear sensitivity-based method (LSM) --- cumulant-based method (CBM) --- collaborative capacity planning --- distributed wind power (DWP) --- energy storage system (ESS) --- optimization --- variable-structure copula --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method --- wind turbine wake model --- 3D aerodynamic model --- turbulence model --- correction modules --- hybrid prediction model --- wavelet decomposition --- long short-term memory --- scenario analysis --- weak grids --- full-converter wind --- active power output --- control parameters --- subsynchronous oscillation --- eigenvalue analysis --- doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) --- wind generation --- frequency control --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- error following forget gate-based long short-term memory --- ultra-short-term prediction --- wind power --- load frequency control (LFC) --- wind farm --- particle swarm optimization --- kinetic energy --- inertial response --- low inertia --- the center of inertia --- frequency response metrics --- wind integration --- PSS/E --- FORTRAN --- electromechanical dynamics --- FCWG dynamics --- strong interaction --- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (ELCR) --- FCWG dynamic correlation ratio (FDCR) --- quasi- electromechanical loop correlation ratio (QELCR) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- rotor overspeed control --- low voltage ride through (LVRT) --- capacity configuration of SCES --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method