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This Special Issue "Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications" hosts papers on aspects of remote sensing for atmospheric conditions for wind energy applications. Wind lidar technology is presented from a theoretical view on the coherent focused Doppler lidar principles. Furthermore, wind lidar for applied use for wind turbine control, wind farm wake, and gust characterizations is presented, as well as methods to reduce uncertainty when using lidar in complex terrain. Wind lidar observations are used to validate numerical model results. Wind Doppler lidar mounted on aircraft used for observing winds in hurricane conditions and Doppler radar on the ground used for very short-term wind forecasting are presented. For the offshore environment, floating lidar data processing is presented as well as an experiment with wind-profiling lidar on a ferry for model validation. Assessments of wind resources in the coastal zone using wind-profiling lidar and global wind maps using satellite data are presented.

complex flow --- Floating Lidar System (FLS) --- mesoscale --- wind energy resources --- variational analysis --- wind turbine --- wind sensing --- wind energy --- wind gusts --- wake --- wind structure --- complex terrain --- global ocean --- remote sensing forecasting --- detached eddy simulation --- five-minute ahead wind power forecasting --- tropical cyclones --- fetch effect --- aerosol --- vertical Light Detection and Ranging --- range gate length --- resource assessment --- field experiments --- remote sensing --- optical flow --- turbulence --- atmospheric boundary layer --- Doppler Wind Lidar --- offshore --- empirical equation --- Lidar --- WindSAT --- coastal wind measurement --- offshore wind speed forecasting --- Doppler wind lidar --- Doppler --- wind --- wind lidar --- cross-correlation --- QuikSCAT --- wind resource assessment --- detecting and tracking --- single-particle --- gust prediction --- NWP model --- velocity-azimuth-display algorithm --- lidar-assisted control (LAC) --- Doppler lidar --- motion estimation --- power performance testing --- lidar --- large-eddy simulations --- wind farm --- coherent Doppler lidar --- wake modeling --- probabilistic forecasting --- control --- NeoWins --- wind turbine controls --- impact prediction --- wind turbine wake --- Hazaki Oceanographical Research Station --- VAD --- virtual lidar --- Doppler radar --- IEA Wind Task 32 --- ASCAT --- wind atlas --- turbulence intensity

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Wind turbine aerodynamics is one of the central subjects of wind turbine technology. To reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), the size of a single wind turbine has been increased to 12 MW at present, with further increases expected in the near future. Big wind turbines and their associated wind farms have many advantages but also challenges. The typical effects are mainly related to the increase in Reynolds number and blade flexibility. This Special Issue is a collection of 21 important research works addressing the aerodynamic challenges appearing in such developments. The 21 research papers cover a wide range of problems related to wind turbine aerodynamics, which includes atmospheric turbulent flow modeling, wind turbine flow modeling, wind turbine design, wind turbine control, wind farm flow modeling in complex terrain, wind turbine noise modeling, vertical axis wind turbine, and offshore wind energy. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection regarding their own work and the goal of enabling the technological development of new environmentally friendly and cost-effective wind energy systems in order to reach the target of 100% energy use from renewable sources, worldwide, by 2050

simplified free vortex wake --- n/a --- H-type VAWT --- variable pitch --- wind tunnel experiment --- rotor blade optimization --- Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) --- wake effect --- wind turbine noise propagation --- RANS --- axial steady condition --- wind turbine blades --- optimization --- computational fluid dynamic --- straight blade --- typhoon --- gradient-based --- image processing --- actuator line method --- piezo-electric flow sensor --- stall --- turbulence --- airfoil design --- vortex ring --- defects --- DMST model --- wind turbine design --- S809 airfoil --- dynamic fluid body interaction --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- ABL stability --- semi-submersible platform --- random search --- floating offshore wind turbine --- blade length --- adjoint approach --- Fatigue Loads --- wind turbine optimization --- wind turbine airfoil --- particle swarm optimization --- rotational augmentation --- NREL Phase VI --- mechanical performance --- coupling of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics --- tip speed ratio --- aerodynamics --- oscillating freestream --- super-statistics --- blade element momentum theory --- wind turbine --- wind energy --- boundary layer separation --- wind turbine blade optimization --- actuator disc --- dynamic stall --- complex terrain --- laminar-turbulent transition --- SCADA --- OpenFOAM --- atmospheric stability --- computational fluid dynamics --- economic analysis --- OC5 DeepCWind --- wind tunnel --- actuator disk --- meso/microscale --- cost of energy --- power coefficient --- pitch oscillation --- condition monitoring --- aerodynamic characteristics --- blade parametrization --- wind turbine wakes --- truss Spar floating foundation --- wind resource assessment --- wind shear --- wind turbine noise source --- design --- low wind speed areas --- aerodynamic --- wind farm --- met mast measurements --- turbulent inflow --- VAWTs (Vertical axis wind turbines) --- thermography --- wind speed extrapolation --- MEXICO --- wind turbine wake --- aerodynamic force --- layout optimization --- H-type floating VAWT --- LES --- NACA0012