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High spatial resolution measures of wind fields are an important topic in LIDAR research in view of the impact they can have in different areas. A method for generating a spectrogram from the analysis of a LIDAR signal has been set up with the use of a new parsimonious description. Coupled with a minimisation algorithm, the method improves the spatial resolution of the radial velocity.

This new method is compared with a validation method using the covariance matrix of the simulated signal. This validation shows that a continuous method has a better accuracy than a discrete generation due to the approximations caused by the discretisation of the frequencies of the signal.

Using this new generation, an optimisation algorithm is used in order to fit those frequencies more precisely. The goal of this algorithm is to minimise a chi-square criterion based on the experimental spectrogram and the spectrogram generated at each iteration of the optimisation. The initial guess is given by a Gaussian fit of the experimental spectrogram. This algorithm greatly improves the spatial resolution, in a relatively short time. Possible improvements on the generation, the initialisation and the optimisation are also discussed in this thesis.

wind LIDAR --- Optimisation --- Signal processing --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie aérospatiale

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Remote Sensing is of paramount importance for Earth Observation to monitor and analyze the Earth’s vital signs. In this Special Issue are reported the latest research results involving active optical remote sensing instruments, both from ground-based to satellite platforms, that are involved in analyzing the vertical and horizontal aerosol and cloud distribution, other than their geometrical, optical and microphysical properties. Those active optical remote sensing techniques are also very useful in determining pollutant dispersion and the dynamics inside the boundary layer. The published studies put in evidence the hidden mechanisms on how pollution from the source is advected transnationally in other countries and the interaction with local meteorology.

Research & information: general --- rainfall --- lidar --- disdrometer --- evaporation --- meteorology --- climate change --- latent heat --- precipitation --- MOD04 --- Dark-Target --- Deep-Blue --- AERONET --- LiDAR --- AOD --- Beijing --- China --- CALIPSO --- dust top height --- frequency of dust occurrence --- pure dust --- polluted dust --- extinction coefficient --- above-cloud aerosol --- low-level cloud --- cloud base height --- ground-based observations --- relative humidity profile --- threshold --- Yunnan–Kweichow Plateau --- low–latitude plateau monsoon climate --- aerosol type and source --- aerosol properties --- monsoon index --- seasonal variation --- aerosol --- aerosol–cloud interactions --- MPLNET --- image processing --- network --- infrastructure --- virga --- black carbon --- Tibetan plateau --- water vapor transport --- South Asian summer monsoon --- East Asian summer monsoon --- PM2.5 --- radar wind profiler --- wind shear --- dual-field-of-view (FOV) --- geometric overlap factor (GOF) --- blind zone --- transition zone --- mass concentration --- stereo-monitoring networks --- Doppler LiDAR --- spatial wind variability --- air quality --- turbulent mixing --- cloud --- Hong Kong --- aerosols --- remote sensing --- wind lidar --- air-pollution --- radiative effects --- ground based remote sensing --- aerosols optical properties --- lidar ratio --- aerosol type

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Remote Sensing is of paramount importance for Earth Observation to monitor and analyze the Earth’s vital signs. In this Special Issue are reported the latest research results involving active optical remote sensing instruments, both from ground-based to satellite platforms, that are involved in analyzing the vertical and horizontal aerosol and cloud distribution, other than their geometrical, optical and microphysical properties. Those active optical remote sensing techniques are also very useful in determining pollutant dispersion and the dynamics inside the boundary layer. The published studies put in evidence the hidden mechanisms on how pollution from the source is advected transnationally in other countries and the interaction with local meteorology.

rainfall --- lidar --- disdrometer --- evaporation --- meteorology --- climate change --- latent heat --- precipitation --- MOD04 --- Dark-Target --- Deep-Blue --- AERONET --- LiDAR --- AOD --- Beijing --- China --- CALIPSO --- dust top height --- frequency of dust occurrence --- pure dust --- polluted dust --- extinction coefficient --- above-cloud aerosol --- low-level cloud --- cloud base height --- ground-based observations --- relative humidity profile --- threshold --- Yunnan–Kweichow Plateau --- low–latitude plateau monsoon climate --- aerosol type and source --- aerosol properties --- monsoon index --- seasonal variation --- aerosol --- aerosol–cloud interactions --- MPLNET --- image processing --- network --- infrastructure --- virga --- black carbon --- Tibetan plateau --- water vapor transport --- South Asian summer monsoon --- East Asian summer monsoon --- PM2.5 --- radar wind profiler --- wind shear --- dual-field-of-view (FOV) --- geometric overlap factor (GOF) --- blind zone --- transition zone --- mass concentration --- stereo-monitoring networks --- Doppler LiDAR --- spatial wind variability --- air quality --- turbulent mixing --- cloud --- Hong Kong --- aerosols --- remote sensing --- wind lidar --- air-pollution --- radiative effects --- ground based remote sensing --- aerosols optical properties --- lidar ratio --- aerosol type

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Information is key, which means that measurements are key. For this reason, this book provides unique insight into state-of-the-art research works regarding optical measurement systems. Optical systems are fast and precise, and the ongoing challenge is to enable optical principles for in-process measurements. Presented within this book is a selection of promising optical measurement approaches for real-world applications.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- speckle photography --- in-process measurement --- deep rolling process --- generalized phase shifting interferometry --- dual-aperture common-path interferometer --- real-time optical instrumentation --- optomechatronic systems --- electrical steel --- optical coherence tomography --- OCT --- scanning --- process monitoring --- laser material processing --- spot compensation --- low coherence interferometry --- LCI --- wind lidar --- Doppler lidar --- bistatic --- metrology --- traceability --- wind energy --- meteorology --- diffraction grating --- grating pitch --- mode-locked femtosecond laser --- laser diffraction --- diffraction equation --- measurement uncertainty analysis --- image processing --- pattern recognition --- wind energy turbines --- turbulence wedges --- coherence scanning interferometry --- in-process application --- Mirau interferometer --- vibration compensation --- interferometric distance sensor --- optical path length modulation --- oscillating reference mirror --- hairpin --- laser welding --- semantic segmentation --- dilated convolution --- sdu-net --- spatter detection --- quality assurance --- fast prediction time --- in situ measurement --- optical metrology --- quality control --- interferometry --- fringe projection --- computational shear interferometry --- coherence function --- structure function --- additive manufacturing --- medium voltage switchgear --- SF6 alternatives --- UV-Vis spectroscopy --- gas mixing modeling --- multicomponent diffusion analysis --- explosion --- coal dust --- methane --- explosion suppression --- spectral characteristics --- explosion pressure --- radiation intensity --- free radicals