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The structure of sequential behavior and its patterns have attracted the attention of researchers from various disciplines, such as game theory, human and animal behavior, evolutionary ecology, psychology, behavioral economy, and cognitive sciences. Sequential behavior seems to be involved in the processes of sequential learning, decision-making processes, and exploratory behavior. There are, however, competing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms involved in the complexity of the behavioral responses of organisms when exposed to changing environments. The behavioral response to different environmental conditions is often utilized in behavioral ecology studies, where the changes in behavior are quantified in terms of probability of dispersal, distance, and speed of movements or time budget, where the time spent on different activities (foraging, resting, explore, etc.) is registered and analyzed in terms of cost–benefit. This book represents a series of articles covering a broad spectrum of organisms and proposes the analysis of sequential behavior utilizing indices commonly applied in the estimation of developmental instability (fluctuating asymmetry, directional asymmetry, and antisymmetry) toward estimating the degree of “Behavioral Instability”. Deviations from symmetry will be interpreted in ecological and evolutionary terms, where the cost and benefits of changes of the degree of behavioral instability will be analyzed in terms of overall costs and benefits and its evolutionary significance. Presented in this collection are multidisciplinary studies (theoretical and computational as well as experimental and empirical approaches) that validate the proposed approach and pave the way for future investigation in the novel field of what is best described as behavioral instability.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- pharmaceutical marketing --- physicians' symmetrical prescription behavior --- corporate image --- exploratory factor analysis --- confirmatory factor analysis --- SEM-based multivariate approach --- asymmetric preference --- inertial route choice --- willingness to pay --- willingness to accept --- experimental study --- benefits symmetry --- behavioral stability --- evolutionary game --- system dynamics --- dynamic incentive --- environmental stress --- behavioural instability --- biomonitoring tool --- unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) --- disturbance --- fibrin --- platelets --- bone graft --- bone regeneration --- bone tissue --- asymmetry --- ethogram --- olfactory stimuli --- stereotypy --- Ursus maritimus --- enrichment --- captivity --- asymmetric diversity --- pharmaceutical marketing --- physicians' symmetrical prescription behavior --- corporate image --- exploratory factor analysis --- confirmatory factor analysis --- SEM-based multivariate approach --- asymmetric preference --- inertial route choice --- willingness to pay --- willingness to accept --- experimental study --- benefits symmetry --- behavioral stability --- evolutionary game --- system dynamics --- dynamic incentive --- environmental stress --- behavioural instability --- biomonitoring tool --- unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) --- disturbance --- fibrin --- platelets --- bone graft --- bone regeneration --- bone tissue --- asymmetry --- ethogram --- olfactory stimuli --- stereotypy --- Ursus maritimus --- enrichment --- captivity --- asymmetric diversity

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This Special Issue (SI) deals with different end-users’ perspectives on newly developed energy policy and technology. Although the importance of end-users’ preferences is not totally new to the energy sector, this issue needs to be urgently and consistently addressed if new policies, projects, and technologies are to be introduced successfully. The eight papers included in this SI are focused on various issues such as modeling the future energy demand, household energy consumption behavior, public perceptions of new energy technologies and projects, and ICT–energy efficiency interrelationship. Some papers also analyze end-users’ experiences with recently introduced energy technologies. Based on these eight articles with various topics, this SI will provide fruitful insights in assessing and forecasting the evolution of the future energy sector. I hope this SI can contribute to the increase in communication and cooperation among academic researchers as well as practitioners in energy fields.

energy demand --- CO2 emissions --- Indonesia --- households --- energy consumption --- pro-environmental behavior --- conceptual framework --- energy technology --- energy security --- public opinion --- cost-benefit analysis --- energy strategy --- improved cook stoves --- Honduras --- occupant behaviour --- socio-economic profile --- survey --- energy efficiency --- persuasion --- intervention --- pro-environmental behaviour change --- workplace --- choice experiment --- renewable energy --- willingness to accept --- multinomial logit models --- LCOE --- stochastic --- solar PV --- South Korea --- data center --- thermal characteristics analysis --- machine learning --- clustering --- unsupervised learning

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This book presents essential elements for understanding, interpreting, and conducting cost benefit analysis (CBA) in the context of local government. The cost benefit technique is so often referenced in government policy that a correct understanding is necessary for officials entrusted with public decisions. It is especially useful for those charged with preparing numerical analyses to assess the worthiness of a specific policy proposal. In this manual, costs and benefits are identified and analyzed in terms of economic efficiency and resource allocation.

Public works --- Cost effectiveness. --- cost benefit analysis (CBA) --- local government --- project evaluation --- discount rate --- willingness to accept --- willingness to pay --- economic efficiency --- positive time preference --- net discounted benefits --- present value of costs --- present value of benefits --- social welfare functions --- externalities/spillovers --- cost effectiveness analysis --- benefits ratio --- sensitivity analysis --- market failure --- government failure --- standing --- external/social costs --- external/social benefits --- existence values --- hedonic valuation --- hypothetical contingent valuation --- rent seeking --- regulatory capture

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The structure of sequential behavior and its patterns have attracted the attention of researchers from various disciplines, such as game theory, human and animal behavior, evolutionary ecology, psychology, behavioral economy, and cognitive sciences. Sequential behavior seems to be involved in the processes of sequential learning, decision-making processes, and exploratory behavior. There are, however, competing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms involved in the complexity of the behavioral responses of organisms when exposed to changing environments. The behavioral response to different environmental conditions is often utilized in behavioral ecology studies, where the changes in behavior are quantified in terms of probability of dispersal, distance, and speed of movements or time budget, where the time spent on different activities (foraging, resting, explore, etc.) is registered and analyzed in terms of cost–benefit. This book represents a series of articles covering a broad spectrum of organisms and proposes the analysis of sequential behavior utilizing indices commonly applied in the estimation of developmental instability (fluctuating asymmetry, directional asymmetry, and antisymmetry) toward estimating the degree of “Behavioral Instability”. Deviations from symmetry will be interpreted in ecological and evolutionary terms, where the cost and benefits of changes of the degree of behavioral instability will be analyzed in terms of overall costs and benefits and its evolutionary significance. Presented in this collection are multidisciplinary studies (theoretical and computational as well as experimental and empirical approaches) that validate the proposed approach and pave the way for future investigation in the novel field of what is best described as behavioral instability.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- pharmaceutical marketing --- physicians’ symmetrical prescription behavior --- corporate image --- exploratory factor analysis --- confirmatory factor analysis --- SEM-based multivariate approach --- asymmetric preference --- inertial route choice --- willingness to pay --- willingness to accept --- experimental study --- benefits symmetry --- behavioral stability --- evolutionary game --- system dynamics --- dynamic incentive --- environmental stress --- behavioural instability --- biomonitoring tool --- unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) --- disturbance --- fibrin --- platelets --- bone graft --- bone regeneration --- bone tissue --- asymmetry --- ethogram --- olfactory stimuli --- stereotypy --- Ursus maritimus --- enrichment --- captivity --- asymmetric diversity --- n/a --- physicians' symmetrical prescription behavior

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This book highlights the role of research in Ecosystem Services and Land Use Changes in Asia. The contributions include case studies that explore the impacts of direct and indirect drivers affecting provision of ecosystem services in Asian countries, including China, India, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Findings from these empirical studies contribute to developing sustainability in Asia at both local and regional scales.

Research & information: general --- coast --- Odisha --- Brahmani River --- climate resilience --- water management --- water quality --- hydrological simulation --- management plan --- water-energy nexus --- spatial water variability --- climate change --- thermal power plant --- Ganges River basin --- 3Rs program --- landscape sustainability --- municipal solid waste --- pig farming --- resource circulation --- resource use efficiency --- urban–rural nexus --- zero-waste lifestyle --- herder --- rangeland degradation --- perception --- traditional rangeland management practices --- Mongolia --- expansion of impervious surface --- underground space development --- deep soil excavation --- SOC loss in deep soil --- urban renovation --- Guangzhou city --- ecological sensitivity --- ecosystem service values --- CA-Markov model --- urban expansion --- Three Gorges Reservoir area --- land use --- ecosystem services --- InVEST --- topographic index --- ecosystem pattern --- wetland ecosystem --- urban wetland --- wetland ecosystem services --- Muthurajawela Marsh --- Negombo Lagoon --- sustainability --- land change modeling --- scenario modeling --- wind erosion prevention service --- revised wind erosion equation --- geo-detector --- food-energy-water security --- nexus --- weighted mean method --- indicator framework --- circulating ecological sphere --- Nagpur --- land use change --- ecosystem service value --- patch-general land use simulation (PLUS) model --- Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration --- heat stress --- WBGT index --- humidex index --- public perceptions --- payment for watershed ecosystem services --- willingness to pay --- willingness to accept --- public participation --- village tank cascade system --- land use systems --- ecosystem services mapping --- ecosystem services trade-offs --- ecosystem services-based ecological restoration --- land-use change --- hotspot analysis --- Geodetector --- central Yunnan urban agglomeration --- n/a --- urban-rural nexus