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In The Coming Famine, Julian Cribb lays out a vivid picture of impending planetary crisis--a global food shortage that threatens to hit by mid-century--that would dwarf any in our previous experience. Cribb's comprehensive assessment describes a dangerous confluence of shortages--of water, land, energy, technology, and knowledge--combined with the increased demand created by population and economic growth. Writing in brisk, accessible prose, Cribb explains how the food system interacts with the environment and with armed conflict, poverty, and other societal factors. He shows how high food prices and regional shortages are already sending shockwaves into the international community. But, far from outlining a doomsday scenario, The Coming Famine offers a strong and positive call to action, exploring the greatest issue of our age and providing practical suggestions for addressing each of the major challenges it raises.
Food supply. --- Food industry and trade. --- Sustainable agriculture. --- Climatic changes. --- agriculture. --- armed conflict. --- call to action. --- easy to read. --- economic growth. --- energy shortages. --- environmental issues. --- environmental problems. --- famine. --- food prices. --- food shortages. --- food system. --- global food crisis. --- global threats. --- international impact. --- land shortages. --- near future. --- nonfiction. --- overcoming challenges. --- planetary crisis. --- political economy. --- population growth. --- poverty. --- practical solutions. --- societal factors. --- technological advancements. --- water shortages.
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Poor rural women in the developing world spend considerable time collecting water. How then do they respond to improved access to water infrastructure? Does it increase their participation in income earning market-based activities? Does it improve the health and education outcomes of their children? To help address these questions, a new approach for dealing with the endogeneity of infrastructure placement in cross-sectional surveys is proposed and implemented using data for nine developing countries. The paper does not find that access to water comes with greater off-farm work for women, although in countries where substantial gender gaps in schooling exist, both boys' and girls' enrollments improve with better access to water. There are also some signs of impacts on child health as measured by anthropometric z-scores.
Access & Equity in Basic Education --- Child health --- Child mortality --- Decision making --- Drinking water --- Drinking Water Supply --- Early Child and Children's Health --- Education --- Gender --- Health --- Health care --- Households --- Nutrition and Population --- Price of water --- Rural communities --- Rural Development --- Rural Labor Markets --- Rural water --- Rural water supply --- Rural Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water collection --- Water infrastructure --- Water quality --- Water Resources --- Water shortages --- Water source --- Water sources --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water use --- Wells
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The marginal productivity of water used for industry varies among sectors in China, but there is great potential for the Chinese government to save water by raising water prices to industry, to encourage water conservation. Using plant-level data on more than 1,000 Chinese industrial plants, Wang and Lall estimate a production function treating capital, labor, water, and raw material as inputs to industrial production. They then estimate the marginal productivity of water based on the estimated production function. Using the marginal productivity approach to valuing water for industrial use, they also derive a model and estimates for the price elasticity of water use by Chinese industries. Previous studies used water demand functions and total cost functions to estimate firms' willingness to pay for water use. They find that the marginal productivity of water varies among sectors in China, with an industry average of 2.5 yuan per cubic meter of water. The average price elasticity of industrial water demand is about -1.0, suggesting a great potential for the Chinese government to use pricing policies to encourage water conservation in the industrial sector. Increasing water prices would reduce water use substantially. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of industrial pollution control in developing countries.
Economic Theory and Research --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Groundwater --- Industrial Sector --- Industrial Use --- Industrial Water --- Industrial Water Demand --- Industrial Water Use --- Industry --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Regulation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Municipal Wastewater --- Pollution --- Production Process --- Research --- River Basins --- Rivers --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water --- Water and Industry --- Water Conservation --- Water Recycling --- Water Resources --- Water Shortage --- Water Shortages --- Water Supply --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Water Supply and Systems --- Water Treatment --- Water Use
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