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The Special Issue entitled “Modeling of Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport” focuses on the mathematical modeling of soil erosion caused by rainfall and runoff at a basin scale, as well as on the sediment transport in the streams of the basin. In concrete terms, the quantification of these phenomena by means of mathematical modeling and field measurements has been studied. The following mathematical models (software) were used, amongst others: AnnAGNPS, SWAT, SWAT-Twn, TUSLE, WRF-Hydro-Sed, CORINE, LCM-MUSLE, EROSION-3D, HEC-RAS, SRC, WA-ANN. The Special Issue contains 14 articles that can be classified into the following five categories: Category A: “Soil erosion and sediment transport modeling in basins”; Category B: “Inclusion of soil erosion control measures in soil erosion models”; Category C: “Soil erosion and sediment transport modeling in view of reservoir sedimentation”; Category D: “Field measurements of gully erosion”; Category E: “Stream sediment transport modeling”. Most studies presented in the Special Issue were applied to different basins in Europe, America, and Asia, and are the result of the cooperation between universities and/or research centers in different countries and continents, which constitutes an optimistic fact for the international scientific communication.

History of engineering & technology --- terrace --- vegetation --- time-area method --- MUSLE --- soil and water loss --- the Loess Plateau --- bed erosion --- catchment area --- filtration --- sediment accumulation --- sediment bed fluidization --- sediment re-suspension --- soil erosion --- rainfall-runoff --- sediment yield --- AnnAGNPS model --- urbanization --- scenario analysis --- Upper Indus Basin (UIB) --- Tarbela Reservoir --- Besham Qila --- sediment modeling --- uncertainty --- wavelet transform analysis-artificial neural network (WA-ANN) --- sediment rating curve (SRC) --- HEC-RAS --- SWAT --- TUSLE --- sediment transport --- model calibration --- mountainous catchment --- tailings pond --- leaked tailings flow --- dam failure --- impact force --- deposition range --- debris blocking dam --- CORINE erosion model --- ponds --- Brenne --- limnology --- land cover change --- infiltration estimation --- black soil --- residue cover --- model validation --- stream sediment transport --- total load --- sediment concentration --- Yang formula --- fuzzy regression --- fuzzy coefficients --- fuzzy logic --- sediment entrainment --- clogging --- colmation --- numerical modeling --- gully erosion --- seasonality --- precipitation --- statistical modeling --- precipitation intensity --- sediment budget --- rainfall event --- EROSION-3D --- small water reservoir --- SWAT modeling --- land management --- soil conservation stone structures --- WRF-Hydro --- CASC2D-SED --- Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed --- NLDAS-2 --- calibration

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The Special Issue entitled “Modeling of Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport” focuses on the mathematical modeling of soil erosion caused by rainfall and runoff at a basin scale, as well as on the sediment transport in the streams of the basin. In concrete terms, the quantification of these phenomena by means of mathematical modeling and field measurements has been studied. The following mathematical models (software) were used, amongst others: AnnAGNPS, SWAT, SWAT-Twn, TUSLE, WRF-Hydro-Sed, CORINE, LCM-MUSLE, EROSION-3D, HEC-RAS, SRC, WA-ANN. The Special Issue contains 14 articles that can be classified into the following five categories: Category A: “Soil erosion and sediment transport modeling in basins”; Category B: “Inclusion of soil erosion control measures in soil erosion models”; Category C: “Soil erosion and sediment transport modeling in view of reservoir sedimentation”; Category D: “Field measurements of gully erosion”; Category E: “Stream sediment transport modeling”. Most studies presented in the Special Issue were applied to different basins in Europe, America, and Asia, and are the result of the cooperation between universities and/or research centers in different countries and continents, which constitutes an optimistic fact for the international scientific communication.

terrace --- vegetation --- time-area method --- MUSLE --- soil and water loss --- the Loess Plateau --- bed erosion --- catchment area --- filtration --- sediment accumulation --- sediment bed fluidization --- sediment re-suspension --- soil erosion --- rainfall-runoff --- sediment yield --- AnnAGNPS model --- urbanization --- scenario analysis --- Upper Indus Basin (UIB) --- Tarbela Reservoir --- Besham Qila --- sediment modeling --- uncertainty --- wavelet transform analysis-artificial neural network (WA-ANN) --- sediment rating curve (SRC) --- HEC-RAS --- SWAT --- TUSLE --- sediment transport --- model calibration --- mountainous catchment --- tailings pond --- leaked tailings flow --- dam failure --- impact force --- deposition range --- debris blocking dam --- CORINE erosion model --- ponds --- Brenne --- limnology --- land cover change --- infiltration estimation --- black soil --- residue cover --- model validation --- stream sediment transport --- total load --- sediment concentration --- Yang formula --- fuzzy regression --- fuzzy coefficients --- fuzzy logic --- sediment entrainment --- clogging --- colmation --- numerical modeling --- gully erosion --- seasonality --- precipitation --- statistical modeling --- precipitation intensity --- sediment budget --- rainfall event --- EROSION-3D --- small water reservoir --- SWAT modeling --- land management --- soil conservation stone structures --- WRF-Hydro --- CASC2D-SED --- Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed --- NLDAS-2 --- calibration

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The importance of evapotranspiration is well-established in different disciplines such as hydrology, agronomy, climatology, and other geosciences. Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration are also vital to develop criteria for in-season irrigation management, water resource allocation, long-term estimates of water supply, demand and use, design and management of water resources infrastructure, and evaluation of the effect of land use and management changes on the water balance. The objective of this Special Issue is to define and discuss several ET terms, including potential, reference, and actual (crop) ET, and present a wide spectrum of innovative research papers and case studies.

Research & information: general --- evapotranspiration --- machine learning --- local --- spatial --- subhumid climate --- agricultural drought --- drought characteristics --- evapotranspiration deficit index --- parameter sensitivity --- temporal scale sensitivity --- water stress anomaly --- interception --- linear storage model --- evaporation --- cover crop --- water balance --- faba bean --- GK2A/AMI --- artificial neural network --- Korean Peninsula --- CWSI --- UAV --- remote sensing --- micrometeorological data --- spatial IRT measurements --- crop irrigation scheduling and management --- infrared radiometer sensors --- real-time data analysis --- water reservoir --- regression --- observed data --- ERA5-Land data --- R language --- precipitation --- drought --- Mann-Kendall --- trend analysis --- actual evapotranspiration --- potential evapotranspiration --- reference evapotranspiration --- evaporation paradox --- global dimming --- wind stilling --- forest fires --- groundwater --- stochastic simulation --- marginal structure --- long-range dependence --- Hurst-Kolmogorov dynamics --- RASPOTION --- parametric model --- hydrological calibration --- evapotranspiration estimation --- urban rain gardens --- lysimeters --- evapotranspiration models

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Groundwater is an essential and vital water resource for drinking water production, agricultural irrigation, and industrial processes. Having a better understanding of physical and chemical processes in aquifers enables more reliable decisions and reduces investments concerning water management. This Special Issue on “Water Flow, Solute, and Heat Transfer, in Groundwater” of Water focuses on the recent advances in groundwater dynamics, and it includes high-quality papers that cover a wide range of issues on different aspects related to groundwater: protection from contamination, recharge, heat transfer, hydraulic parameters estimation, well hydraulics, microbial community, colloid transport, and mathematical models. This integrative volume aims to transfer knowledge to hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, and water resources planners, who are engaged in the sustainable development of groundwater resources.

Research & information: general --- artificial ground freezing method --- groundwater flow --- temperature field --- freezing wall --- effective hydraulic conductivity --- fractured media --- gravitational force --- numerical method --- rock penetration --- colloid size --- colloid transport --- underground water-sealed oil storage cavern --- seawater intrusion --- island tidal environment --- vertical water curtain system --- multi-physical field coupling --- scenario-based projections --- HYDRUS 1-D --- aridity index --- water balance --- grassland --- root water stress --- groundwater protection --- wellhead protection area (WHPA) --- uncertainty analysis --- soil moisture --- groundwater recharge --- evapotranspiration --- vadose zone --- soil hydraulic property --- climate --- NAPL --- volume averaging --- upscaling --- mass transfer --- fractured aquitard --- groundwater pollution --- microbial community’s diversity --- dehalogenation --- tribromoneopentyl alcohol --- 1-bromo-1-chloroethane --- geothermal water reservoir --- well spacing --- direct geothermal district heating system --- indirect geothermal district heating system --- multiobjective optimization --- technical and economic evaluation --- Richards’-equation --- simulation --- algebraic multigrid --- preconditioner --- residual saturation --- porous media --- permeability --- entrapped air --- two-phase flow --- ascending relief well --- groundwater --- seepage --- sand-tank --- modeling --- Dupuit formula --- Dupuit-Thiem formula --- porous and fractured media --- contaminant transport --- heat transfer --- parameters --- colloids --- microbial community --- field and laboratory studies --- mathematical modeling