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Provisioning the fleet, and the army overseas, during the French Wars of 1793-1815 was a major undertaking. This book explains how the Victualling Board in London handled this enormous task, focusing in particular on contractors - that is the merchants and brokers, who provided a vast range of commodities including flour and biscuit, salt beef and pork, as well as huge quantities of fresh water and coal, and every other item needed. It shows how these merchants could be large or small concerns, and provides detailed case studies of different kinds of contractors, including examples of contractors based both in Britain and in the navy's overseas bases. The book demonstrates how, overall, the contracting system represented the mobilisation of a substantial part of the British economy for war; how the performance of contracting was effective, with little or no corruption; and how the contractors took considerable financial risks and made only reasonable margins. It assesses the performance of the Victualling Board, arguing that this was good, and that the problem in the major area of weakness - accounting - was quickly addressed following a major crisis in 1808-09. It concludes that this was "an impressive performance" by the state, but that the overwhelming advantage was the resilience of the market, and that it was "upon the success of the contractors that the war at sea was won." For most of his career, ROGER KNIGHT was on the staff of the National Maritime Museum, leaving as Deputy Director in 2000. Since then he has taught at the Greenwich Maritime Institute at the University of Greenwich, where he is currently Visiting Professor of Naval History.

Defense contracts --- History --- Great Britain. --- History. --- Provisioning --- Great Britain --- History, Naval --- Military contracts --- War contracts --- Public contracts --- Private military companies --- Research and development contracts, Government --- צי הבריטי --- England and Wales. --- Victualling Office (Great Britain) --- British economy. --- French Wars. --- Provisioning the fleet. --- Victualling Board. --- army overseas. --- brokers. --- coal. --- commodities. --- contractors. --- corruption. --- financial risks. --- fresh water. --- government. --- merchants. --- war at sea.

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In early modern Britain, there was an argument that war at sea, especially war in Spanish America, was an ideal means of warfare, offering the prospect of rich gains at relatively little cost whilst inflicting considerable damage on enemy financial resources. This book examines that argument, tracing its origin to the glorious memory of Elizabethan maritime war, discussing its supposed economic advantages, and investigating its influence on British politics and naval policy during the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13) and after. The book reveals that the alleged economic advantages of war at sea were crucial in attracting the support of politicians of different political stances. It shows how supporters of war at sea, both in the government as well as in the opposition, tried to implement pro-maritime war policy by naval operations, colonial expeditions and by legislation, and how their attempts were often frustrated by diplomatic considerations, the incapacity of naval administration, and by conflicting interests between different groups connected to the West Indian colonies and Spanish American trade. It demonstrates how, after the War of the Spanish Succession, arguments for active colonial maritime war continued to be central to political conflict, notably in the opposition propaganda campaigns against the Walpole ministry, culminating in the War of Jenkins's Ear against Spain in 1739. The book also includes material on the South Sea Company, showing how the foundation of this company, later the subject of the notorious 'Bubble', was a logical part of British strategy. Shinsuke Satsuma completed his doctorate in maritime history at the University of Exeter.

Spanish Succession, War of, 1701-1714 --- War of the Spanish Succession, 1701-1714 --- Naval operations, British. --- South Sea Company. --- Compagnie du Sud --- Company of Merchants Trading to the South Seas --- Governour and Company of Merchants of Great Britain Trading to the South Seas and Other Parts of America, and for Encouraging the Fishery --- Great Britain --- South America --- History, Naval --- Company of Merchants of Great Britain Trading to the South Seas and Other Parts of America, and for Encouraging the Fishery --- Military policy. --- Military policy --- Economic aspects. --- Atlantic. --- Britain. --- Colonial Maritime War. --- Diplomatic Considerations. --- Early Eighteenth Century. --- Economic Advantages. --- Naval Policy. --- Seapower. --- Silver. --- Spanish America. --- Spanish American Trade. --- Walpole Ministry. --- War at Sea. --- War of Jenkins's Ear. --- War of the Spanish Succession. --- West Indian Colonies.

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Drawing on recently declassified documents and extensive interviews with Soviet and American policy-makers, among them several important figures speaking for public record for the first time, Ned Lebow and Janice Stein cast new light on the effect of nuclear threats in two of the tensest moments of the Cold War: the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and the confrontations arising out of the Arab-Israeli war of 1973. They conclude that the strategy of deterrence prolonged rather than ended the conflict between the superpowers.

Nuclear warfare. --- Nuclear weapons. --- Arab-Israeli conflict --- Arab-Israeli conflict. --- Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962. --- Cold War. --- Atomic warfare --- CBR warfare --- Nuclear strategy --- Nuclear war --- Thermonuclear warfare --- War --- Nuclear crisis control --- Nuclear weapons --- Atomic weapons --- Fusion weapons --- Thermonuclear weapons --- Weapons of mass destruction --- No first use (Nuclear strategy) --- Nuclear arms control --- Nuclear disarmament --- Nuclear warfare --- Jewish-Arab relations --- Israel-Arab conflicts --- Israel-Palestine conflict --- Israeli-Arab conflict --- Israeli-Palestinian conflict --- Palestine-Israel conflict --- Palestine problem (1948- ) --- Palestinian-Israeli conflict --- Palestinian Arabs --- Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct. 1962 --- World politics --- History --- Soviet Union --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 1960 U-2 incident. --- Abstention. --- Allen Dulles. --- Allied-occupied Germany. --- Andrei Gromyko. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Anti-war movement. --- Assassination. --- Berlin Blockade. --- Berlin Crisis of 1961. --- Berlin Wall. --- Blockade. --- Ceasefire. --- Censorship. --- Cold War II. --- Communist revolution. --- Containment. --- Coup d'état. --- Cuban Missile Crisis. --- Dean Rusk. --- Decapitation. --- Declaration of war. --- Deterrence theory. --- Dictatorship. --- Disarmament. --- Disinformation. --- Dissolution of the Soviet Union. --- Doomsday device. --- Dr. Strangelove. --- Embargo. --- Era of Stagnation. --- Evil empire. --- Failed state. --- Fallout shelter. --- George Ball (diplomat). --- Glasnost. --- Henry Kissinger. --- Hungarian Revolution of 1956. --- Impeachment. --- Impunity. --- International crisis. --- Jimmy Carter. --- John F. Kennedy. --- John Foster Dulles. --- John Mueller. --- Joseph Stalin. --- Leonid Brezhnev. --- McCarthyism. --- McGeorge Bundy. --- Minimal deterrence. --- Minister without portfolio. --- Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. --- Moscow Conference (1941). --- Mutual assured destruction. --- NATO. --- Nikita Khrushchev. --- Nuclear blackmail. --- Nuclear disarmament. --- Nuclear holocaust. --- Old Bolshevik. --- Operation Barbarossa. --- Perestroika. --- Persecution. --- Pessimism. --- Political prisoner. --- Pre-emptive nuclear strike. --- Preventive war. --- Proxy war. --- Purge. --- Quarantine Speech. --- Ridicule. --- Roswell Gilpatric. --- Roy Medvedev. --- Saturday Night Massacre. --- Sergei Khrushchev. --- Soviet Empire. --- Soviet Navy. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet Union–United States relations. --- Soviet people. --- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. --- Soviet–Afghan War. --- Stalinism. --- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. --- Superiority (short story). --- Surgical strike. --- The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. --- There is no alternative. --- Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany. --- War at Sea. --- War of Attrition. --- War of ideas. --- War termination. --- War-weariness. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Why England Slept. --- Yom Kippur War.