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This thesis aims to initiate the investigation of aeroelastic risks of interflap seals. The latters are located between the inboard and outboard flaps in order to ensure an aerodynamic profile. They are made of an elastomeric material and reinforced by several plies of Glass-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (G-CFRP). During test flights performed by the aircraft manufacturer, aeroelastic phenomena occurred on these parts. The issue was solved by increasing the number of plies of the reinforcement material. However, this solution is purely empirical and it makes their design quite cumbersome. A methodological study on the fluid and structure dynamics is therefore carried out in order to gain expertise to master aeroelastic risk of elastomeric structures. It should be stressed that an actual aeroelastic study is not conducted in this work. Indeed, the present work does not take into account the fluid-structure interaction which characterises aeroelastic phenomena. As a starting point, the fluid and structure dynamics are decoupled. A two-dimensional CFD analysis at low-subsonic conditions is performed and aims to identify the flow features which can be at the origin of the vibrations the seals suffered from. Additionally, it gives a more thorough understanding of the flow physics around a high-lift configuration (three-element airfoil). The analysis reveals the shedding of vortices at the trailing edge of the flap, causing quasi-periodic load oscillations on the latter geometry. The tendencies on the flow quantities of interest when the altitude and the angle of attack are modified are also identified, showing that the angle of attack may have a non-negligible impact. On the other hand, a structural analysis is done in order to extract the modal properties of the seals in their flight configuration (prestressed state). In parallel, an experimental analysis was performed in the purpose to validate the numerical model. The structural analysis allows to understand the influence of the prestress of the seals and the flap setting on the modal properties. However, those properties were obtained after the linearization of the highly non-linear structure and they must be interpreted with precaution. Finally, a qualitative comparison between the results from the CFD and structural analyses is made to briefly introduce and discuss the potential aeroelastic risks the structure may encounter in the investigated conditions. The evolution of the aerodynamic forces on the flap reports non-negligible amplitudes of oscillation with respect to the time-averaged value, especially if we consider flexible bodies such as the investigated seals. The excitation frequency at the nominal conditions is found dangerously close to the resonance frequencies of two modes of a particular stacking version of the seals. The excitation mechanism finally confirms the possibility for those modes to be excited.

CFD simulations --- Interflap seals --- Vortex shedding --- High-Lift Configuration --- Modal analysis --- Prestressed configuration --- Aeroelastic risks --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie aérospatiale

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This book is devoted to the teaching and learning of fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics occupies a privileged position in the sciences; it is taught in various science departments including physics, mathematics, mechanical, chemical and civil engineering and environmental sciences, each highlighting a different aspect or interpretation of the foundation and applications of fluids. While scholarship in fluid mechanics is vast, expanding into the areas of experimental, theoretical and computational fluid mechanics, there is little discussion among scientists about the different possible ways of teaching this subject. We think there is much to be learned, for teachers and students alike, from an interdisciplinary dialogue about fluids. This volume therefore highlights articles which have bearing on the pedagogical aspects of fluid mechanics at the undergraduate and graduate level.

fluid dynamics education --- damped pendulums --- fluid drag --- fluid-structure interaction --- computational fluid dynamics --- outcomes competences --- hydraulic engineering --- hydraulic teaching --- active methodology --- droplet impact --- undergraduate education --- applications of fluids --- vortex formation length --- wake --- vortex shedding --- practical engineering education --- fluid mechanics --- learning and teaching --- laboratories --- data assimilation --- variational and sequential methods --- Kalman filtering --- forward sensitivity --- measurements fusion --- reduced order models --- quasi-geostrophic equations --- closure models --- Navier-Stokes equations --- Leray-Hopf weak solutions --- existence --- inquiry-based instruction --- science education --- teaching-learning sequences --- didactic transformation --- primary level --- CFD --- Julia --- Blasius --- Hiemenz --- Homann --- Falkner–Skan --- boundary-layer --- open water tank --- education --- n/a --- Falkner-Skan

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This book is devoted to the teaching and learning of fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics occupies a privileged position in the sciences; it is taught in various science departments including physics, mathematics, mechanical, chemical and civil engineering and environmental sciences, each highlighting a different aspect or interpretation of the foundation and applications of fluids. While scholarship in fluid mechanics is vast, expanding into the areas of experimental, theoretical and computational fluid mechanics, there is little discussion among scientists about the different possible ways of teaching this subject. We think there is much to be learned, for teachers and students alike, from an interdisciplinary dialogue about fluids. This volume therefore highlights articles which have bearing on the pedagogical aspects of fluid mechanics at the undergraduate and graduate level.

Technology: general issues --- fluid dynamics education --- damped pendulums --- fluid drag --- fluid-structure interaction --- computational fluid dynamics --- outcomes competences --- hydraulic engineering --- hydraulic teaching --- active methodology --- droplet impact --- undergraduate education --- applications of fluids --- vortex formation length --- wake --- vortex shedding --- practical engineering education --- fluid mechanics --- learning and teaching --- laboratories --- data assimilation --- variational and sequential methods --- Kalman filtering --- forward sensitivity --- measurements fusion --- reduced order models --- quasi-geostrophic equations --- closure models --- Navier-Stokes equations --- Leray-Hopf weak solutions --- existence --- inquiry-based instruction --- science education --- teaching-learning sequences --- didactic transformation --- primary level --- CFD --- Julia --- Blasius --- Hiemenz --- Homann --- Falkner-Skan --- boundary-layer --- open water tank --- education --- fluid dynamics education --- damped pendulums --- fluid drag --- fluid-structure interaction --- computational fluid dynamics --- outcomes competences --- hydraulic engineering --- hydraulic teaching --- active methodology --- droplet impact --- undergraduate education --- applications of fluids --- vortex formation length --- wake --- vortex shedding --- practical engineering education --- fluid mechanics --- learning and teaching --- laboratories --- data assimilation --- variational and sequential methods --- Kalman filtering --- forward sensitivity --- measurements fusion --- reduced order models --- quasi-geostrophic equations --- closure models --- Navier-Stokes equations --- Leray-Hopf weak solutions --- existence --- inquiry-based instruction --- science education --- teaching-learning sequences --- didactic transformation --- primary level --- CFD --- Julia --- Blasius --- Hiemenz --- Homann --- Falkner-Skan --- boundary-layer --- open water tank --- education

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This book includes an editorial and 12 research papers on micromixers collected from the Special Issue published in Micromachines. The topics of the papers are focused on the design of micromixers, their fabrication, and their analysis. Some of them proposed novel micromixer designs. Most of them deal with passive micromixers, but two papers report studies on electrokinetic micromixers. Fully three-dimensional (3D) micromixers were investigated in some cases. One of the papers applied optimization techniques to the design of a 3D micromixer. A review paper is also included and reports a review of recently developed passive micromixers and a comparative analysis of 10 typical micromixers.

Technology: general issues --- passive micromixers --- comparative analysis --- Navier-Stokes equations --- mixing index --- pressure drop --- mixing cost --- micromachining --- micro EDM milling --- empirical modelling --- micromixer --- design for manufacturing --- computational fluid dynamics --- micromixers --- acoustic micromixers --- active micromixers --- electromagnetic micromixers --- voice-coil mixers --- mixers --- anti-reciprocity --- electrical impedance --- mechanical velocity --- gyrator --- electro-mechanical systems --- micro heat exchanger --- vortex shedding --- thermal mixing --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- thermal engineering --- three-dimensional (3D) printing --- micronozzles --- Y-shaped structure --- mixing efficiency --- histogram and standard deviation --- split-and-recombine --- additive manufacturing --- surface metrology --- asymmetric split-and-recombine (ASAR) --- stereolithography --- surface roughness --- soft tooling --- centrifugal microfluidics --- U-shaped channel --- Coriolis force --- flow visualization --- microfluidics --- T-shaped micromixer --- vortex --- obstacles --- engulfment flow --- particle tracking --- electrokinetic vortices --- T-type microchannel --- zeta potential ratio --- length ratio --- Navier–Stokes equations --- optimization --- RBNN --- TLCCM configuration --- mixing rate --- kinematics --- deformation --- vorticity --- stretching --- folding --- diffusive mixing --- passive mixing --- fluid overlapping --- sequential injection --- segmentation --- concentric flow --- CFD --- n/a

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This book includes an editorial and 12 research papers on micromixers collected from the Special Issue published in Micromachines. The topics of the papers are focused on the design of micromixers, their fabrication, and their analysis. Some of them proposed novel micromixer designs. Most of them deal with passive micromixers, but two papers report studies on electrokinetic micromixers. Fully three-dimensional (3D) micromixers were investigated in some cases. One of the papers applied optimization techniques to the design of a 3D micromixer. A review paper is also included and reports a review of recently developed passive micromixers and a comparative analysis of 10 typical micromixers.

Technology: general issues --- passive micromixers --- comparative analysis --- Navier-Stokes equations --- mixing index --- pressure drop --- mixing cost --- micromachining --- micro EDM milling --- empirical modelling --- micromixer --- design for manufacturing --- computational fluid dynamics --- micromixers --- acoustic micromixers --- active micromixers --- electromagnetic micromixers --- voice-coil mixers --- mixers --- anti-reciprocity --- electrical impedance --- mechanical velocity --- gyrator --- electro-mechanical systems --- micro heat exchanger --- vortex shedding --- thermal mixing --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- thermal engineering --- three-dimensional (3D) printing --- micronozzles --- Y-shaped structure --- mixing efficiency --- histogram and standard deviation --- split-and-recombine --- additive manufacturing --- surface metrology --- asymmetric split-and-recombine (ASAR) --- stereolithography --- surface roughness --- soft tooling --- centrifugal microfluidics --- U-shaped channel --- Coriolis force --- flow visualization --- microfluidics --- T-shaped micromixer --- vortex --- obstacles --- engulfment flow --- particle tracking --- electrokinetic vortices --- T-type microchannel --- zeta potential ratio --- length ratio --- Navier-Stokes equations --- optimization --- RBNN --- TLCCM configuration --- mixing rate --- kinematics --- deformation --- vorticity --- stretching --- folding --- diffusive mixing --- passive mixing --- fluid overlapping --- sequential injection --- segmentation --- concentric flow --- CFD --- passive micromixers --- comparative analysis --- Navier-Stokes equations --- mixing index --- pressure drop --- mixing cost --- micromachining --- micro EDM milling --- empirical modelling --- micromixer --- design for manufacturing --- computational fluid dynamics --- micromixers --- acoustic micromixers --- active micromixers --- electromagnetic micromixers --- voice-coil mixers --- mixers --- anti-reciprocity --- electrical impedance --- mechanical velocity --- gyrator --- electro-mechanical systems --- micro heat exchanger --- vortex shedding --- thermal mixing --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- thermal engineering --- three-dimensional (3D) printing --- micronozzles --- Y-shaped structure --- mixing efficiency --- histogram and standard deviation --- split-and-recombine --- additive manufacturing --- surface metrology --- asymmetric split-and-recombine (ASAR) --- stereolithography --- surface roughness --- soft tooling --- centrifugal microfluidics --- U-shaped channel --- Coriolis force --- flow visualization --- microfluidics --- T-shaped micromixer --- vortex --- obstacles --- engulfment flow --- particle tracking --- electrokinetic vortices --- T-type microchannel --- zeta potential ratio --- length ratio --- Navier-Stokes equations --- optimization --- RBNN --- TLCCM configuration --- mixing rate --- kinematics --- deformation --- vorticity --- stretching --- folding --- diffusive mixing --- passive mixing --- fluid overlapping --- sequential injection --- segmentation --- concentric flow --- CFD