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Studies in the fields of bilingualism and second language acquisition have shown that both cognitive and affective psychological factors can influence individuals’ bilingual speech production. More recently, both experimental and variationist studies of bilingual communities have examined the role of social factors on bilinguals’ speech, particularly in cases of long-term language contact and minority-language bilingualism. The Special Issue brings together work on the psychological and/or social factors that influence bilingual speech production as well as work that uses different methodological frameworks. We examine the role of such factors on bilingual speech production in diverse contexts, in order to provide a more holistic account of the ways in which extra-linguistic influences may affect bilinguals’ speech in one or both of their languages.

Language --- new speakers --- accent identification --- sociolinguistic awareness --- bilingual speech processing --- Galician phonetics --- minority languages --- first language attrition --- second language acquisition --- sequential bilingualism --- voice onset time --- vowel formants --- speech development --- English --- (Austrian) German --- phonetics --- maternal acculturation --- maternal enculturation --- speech sound production --- Spanish-English bilingual preschoolers --- speech production --- accent --- pronunciation --- minority language bilingualism --- global foreign accent --- accent rating --- heritage language --- majority language --- preschool children --- school children --- Russian --- German --- language variation --- bilingualism --- phonological transfer --- Welsh --- Welsh English --- VOT --- Portuguese --- L1 attrition --- speech --- code-switching --- Austrian German --- phonetic drift --- apocope --- vowel centralization --- vowel reduction --- variationist sociolinguistics --- Calabrese --- Italian --- length of residence --- foreign domestic helper --- foreign accent --- naturalistic adult acquisition --- L2 speech performance

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This Special Issue includes fifteen original state-of-the-art research articles from leading scholars that examine cross-linguistic influence in bilingual speech. These experimental studies contribute to the growing number of studies on multilingual phonetics and phonology by introducing novel empirical data collection techniques, sophisticated methodologies, and acoustic analyses, while also presenting findings that provide robust theoretical implications to a variety of subfields, such as L2 acquisition, L3 acquisition, laboratory phonology, acoustic phonetics, psycholinguistics, sociophonetics, blingualism, and language contact. These studies in this book further elucidate the nature of phonetic interactions in the context of bilingualism and multilingualism and outline future directions in multilingual phonetics and phonology research.

Language --- second language acquisition --- phonology --- discrimination --- cross-linguistic assimilation --- obstruent --- affricate --- fricative --- dialect --- English --- Spanish --- L1 attrition --- speech --- foreign accent --- accent perception --- bilingual --- teacher --- bilingualism --- phonetics --- language mode --- cross-linguistic influence --- transfer --- voice onset time --- global accent rating --- American English --- Russian --- voicing --- classroom learning --- first language drift --- perceptual learning --- individual differences --- phonetic sensitivity --- crosslinguistic influence --- Korean --- laryngeal contrast --- vowel inventory --- heritage bilingualism --- early bilingualism --- speech production --- multilingualism --- third language acquisition --- speech perception --- rhotics --- final obstruent devoicing --- Korean Americans --- California Vowel Shift --- second language phonology --- immigrant minority speakers --- sound change --- Spanish-English bilinguals --- gender --- vowels --- vowel centralization --- vowel sequences --- sociophonetics --- competence --- fricative epithesis --- vowel devoicing --- center of gravity --- French --- acquisition --- agentivity --- directionality --- fricative (de)voicing --- Catalan–Spanish contact --- intonation --- language contact --- language attitudes --- social factors --- Basque --- Perceptual Assimilation Model --- second language speech learning --- English /r/ and /l/ --- Japanese --- English as a second language --- categorical perception --- compromise VOT --- voice timing --- performance mismatches --- dynamic phonetic interactions --- acoustic similarity --- perceptual similarity --- non-native discrimination --- non-native categorisation