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This Special Issue of Nutrients focuses on advances that extend our knowledge of the biochemical functions and health roles played by both the micronutrient vitamin K and its target Gla proteins. The scope of potential topics is wide and may include studies in population and patient groups, animal models and at the cellular level. Examples include the presentation, diagnosis, incidence, causes, and prevention of deficiency syndromes, of which the most obvious is bleeding in infancy, but also extends to other putative roles of vitamin K such as in bone and cardiovascular health. In trying to define extrahepatic functions of vitamin K it is important to obtain evidence of pathophysiological signatures that may derive from chronic suboptimal vitamin K intakes or as a consequence of vitamin K antagonists. An important related question is whether the pathophysiology can be ameliorated or prevented by judicious vitamin K supplementation. Equally important to our understanding of the human physiology of vitamin K are studies that define the relative functional importance of individual vitamers and how differences in their availability and metabolism affect their biological activity. Recent highlights in metabolism include the delineation of the importance of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) in maintaining vitamin K status and the intriguing hypothesis that its paralog VKOR-like 1 enzyme (VKORL1) may serve an antioxidant function. Another highlight illustrating the importance of metabolism to vitamin K function is the discovery that the enzyme UbiA prenyltransferase-containing domain 1 (UBIAD1) participates in the cellular conversion of phylloquinone to MK-4 with menadione as a metabolic intermediate. We invite authors to submit reviews or original research on any of the above topics.

Vitamin K-dependent proteins.

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Vitamin K and Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins in Relation to Human Health" that was published in Nutrients.

Vitamin K-dependent proteins. --- Proteins

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This Special Issue of Nutrients on "Nutraceutical, Nutrition Supplements, and Human Health" provides readers with contemporary knowledge on the role of functional foods, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals in improving overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Various renowned international scientists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals have contributed to this compendium of excellent laboratory and clinical studies. The manuscripts provide evidence-based knowledge of nutritional compounds/functional food to improve many health conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, muscle metabolism, obesity, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, aging, and cancer. All contributions were thoroughly peer-reviewed by a distinguished panel of scientists, and only highly ranked manuscripts were included to ensure the quality of contents. This book is an excellent resource for academic personnel and students in nutrition research, dietitians, physicians, and consumers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- Lactobacillus salivarius --- otitis --- probiotic --- bacteriocin --- prevention --- Morus nigra L. --- black mulberry --- nutraceutical --- pharmacological properties --- coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) --- bioavailability --- intestinal absorption --- neuroprotection --- fenugreek --- protein hydrolysate --- antiproliferative --- apoptosis --- antioxidant --- Caco2 cells --- catechins --- green tea extract --- herbal dietary supplements --- hepatotoxicity --- microbiome --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- GBS --- pregnancy --- cachexia --- plum --- cancer --- muscle wasting --- myoblasts --- protein synthesis --- graviola --- weight loss --- obesity --- blood glucose --- food composition --- metabolic syndrome --- natural products --- Carica papaya --- Bifidobacterium breve M-16V --- infant health --- clinical efficacy --- probiotics --- gut microbiota --- Autism spectrum disorder --- dietary supplements --- pediatric --- physician communication --- frankincense --- Boswellia --- boswellic acid --- lupeolic acid --- AKBA --- cytokine --- breast cancer --- pentacyclic triterpenic acid --- triterpenoid --- chorioallantoic membrane assay --- Platycodon grandiflorus root --- BMI --- body fat mass --- abdominal fat area --- wild rice --- metabolomics --- atherosclerosis --- LDL-r-KO mice --- cytokines --- 16S rDNA --- plasma --- feces --- proteins --- carbohydrates --- functional food --- curcumin --- formulated curcumin --- pharmacokinetics --- aurora kinase A --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- Dietary Supplement Label Database --- food description --- food classification --- FoodEx2 --- quelites --- supplementation --- arsenic --- vitamin K --- diet supplement --- age-related diseases --- vitamin K-dependent proteins --- pathological calcification --- inflammation --- skeletal muscles --- Bifidobacterium breve B-3 --- muscle mass --- mitochondria