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The vitamin K antagonists are a well-known subject which is still however. the topic of a lot research. The VKA represent nowadays the first or second-line treatment for many cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation or thromboembolic diseases. Acenocoumarol, more known as Sintrom, is the most commonly used VKA in Belgium. In this category of medicines, we can also add warfarin and phenprocoumone. Through, these three molecules require a special attention when looking after patients starting their treatment but also during its follow-up. The interactions between other drugs or with what the patient eats involve a strict control from the pharmacist. He will have to explain it to tha patient when starting his anticoagulant therapy. Today, the vitamin K antagonists are frequently compared to direct oral anticoagulants like dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and apixaban. These new oral anticoagulants complete the range of the drugs acting on the haemostasis. The vitamin K antagonists being already widely studied constitute an ideal topic for a discussion. Les antagonistes de la vitamine K, un domaine bien étudié qui pourtant constitue encore aujourd'hui un sujet d'étude approfondi par les scientifiques. Les AVK représentent de nos jours, un traitement de choix pour certaines pathologies cardiovasculaires telles que la fibrillation auriculaire ou encore les maladies thromboemboliques. L’acénocoumarol, plus connu sous le nom de Sintrom®, est l'AVK le plus répandu en Belgique. Dans cette catégorie de médicament, s'ajoute à l'acénocoumarol, la warfarine et la phenprocoumone. Cependant, ces trois molécules nécessitent une attention toute particulière lors de la mise en place du traitement ainsi que durant son suivi. Les interactions entre médicaments ou envers l'alimentation impliquent elles-aussi une vigilance stricte pour le pharmacien, qu'il devra expliciter au patient dès la mise en place de la thérapie anticoagulante. À l'heure actuelle, les antagonistes de la vitamine K sont fréquemment comparés aux anticoagulants directs oraux que sont le dabigatran etexilate, le rivaroxaban et l'apixaban. Ces nouveaux anticoagulants oraux complètent eux-aussi la panoplie de médicaments qui agissent sur l'hémostase. Les antagonistes de la vitamine K étant déjà largement étudiés, ils constituent un sujet idéal pour un mémoire.

Vitamin K

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This Special Issue of Nutrients focuses on advances that extend our knowledge of the biochemical functions and health roles played by both the micronutrient vitamin K and its target Gla proteins. The scope of potential topics is wide and may include studies in population and patient groups, animal models and at the cellular level. Examples include the presentation, diagnosis, incidence, causes, and prevention of deficiency syndromes, of which the most obvious is bleeding in infancy, but also extends to other putative roles of vitamin K such as in bone and cardiovascular health. In trying to define extrahepatic functions of vitamin K it is important to obtain evidence of pathophysiological signatures that may derive from chronic suboptimal vitamin K intakes or as a consequence of vitamin K antagonists. An important related question is whether the pathophysiology can be ameliorated or prevented by judicious vitamin K supplementation. Equally important to our understanding of the human physiology of vitamin K are studies that define the relative functional importance of individual vitamers and how differences in their availability and metabolism affect their biological activity. Recent highlights in metabolism include the delineation of the importance of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) in maintaining vitamin K status and the intriguing hypothesis that its paralog VKOR-like 1 enzyme (VKORL1) may serve an antioxidant function. Another highlight illustrating the importance of metabolism to vitamin K function is the discovery that the enzyme UbiA prenyltransferase-containing domain 1 (UBIAD1) participates in the cellular conversion of phylloquinone to MK-4 with menadione as a metabolic intermediate. We invite authors to submit reviews or original research on any of the above topics.

Vitamin K-dependent proteins.

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Vitamin K. --- Isopentenoids --- Vitamins, Fat-soluble

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Vitamin K --- Metabolism --- Congresses --- Physiological effect

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Calcium-Binding Proteins --- Vitamin K --- metabolism --- physiology