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The main physiological actions of the biologically most active metabolite of vitamin D, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1a,25(OH)2D3), are calcium and phosphorus uptake and transport and thereby controlling bone formation. Other emergent areas of 1a,25(OH)2D3 action are in the control of immune functions, cellular growth and differentiation. This fits both with the widespread expression of the VDR and the above described consequences of vitamin D deficiency. Transcriptome-wide analysis indicated that per cell type between 200 and 600 genes are primary targets of vitamin D. Since most of these genes respond to vitamin D in a cell-specific fashion, the total number of vitamin D targets in the human genome is far higher than 1,000. This is supported by the genome-wide view on VDR binding sites in human lymphocytes, monocytes, colon and hepatic cells. All genomic actions of 1a,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) that has been the subject of intense study since the 1980’s. Thus, vitamin D signaling primarily implies the molecular actions of the VDR. In this research topic, we present in 15 chapters different perspectives on the action of vitamin D and its receptor, such as the impact of the genomewide distribution of VDR binding loci, ii) the transcriptome- and proteome-wide effects of vitamin D, iii) the role of vitamin D in health, iv) tissue-specific functions of vitamin D and v) the involvement of vitamin D in different diseases, such as infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes and different types of cancer.

Vitamin D --- Immune System --- Genomics --- vitamin D receptor --- Physiology

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The book is devoted to the design, application and characterization of thin films and structures, with special emphasis on optical applications. It comprises ten papers—five featured and five regular—authored by scientists all over the world. Diverse materials are studied and their possible applications are demonstrated and discussed—transparent conductive coatings and structures from ZnO doped with Al and Ga and Ti-doped SnO2, polymers and nanosized zeolite thin films for optical sensing, TiO2 with linear and nonlinear optical properties, organic diamagnetic materials, broadband optical coatings, CrWN glass molding coatings, and silicon on insulator waveguides.

basal cell carcinoma --- diagnostic test accuracy --- in vivo --- reflectance confocal microscopy --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- photochemotherapy --- methylaminolevulinate --- actinic keratosis --- vitamin d --- calcitriol --- vitamin d receptor --- skin cancer --- diagnosis --- cytology --- actinic cheilitis --- squamous cell carcinoma --- lip neoplasms --- cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma --- ultraviolet radiation --- genes --- microRNAs --- lncRNAs --- novel therapeutic approaches --- non-melanoma skin cancer --- Merkel cell carcinoma --- telomeres --- telomerase --- epigenetics --- miRNA --- Hedgehog pathway --- signaling pathways --- carcinogenesis

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This book is conceived to promote synergy between research and industrial activities in the design and development of new drugs and, therefore, is not limited to any specific aspect of development. It covers the entire process from the identification of a molecular target, studies of drug–protein interactions, the modeling and optimization of the functional activity, design and chemical synthesis, biological evaluation, and the development of new pharmaceutical carriers.The original articles and reviews are focused on the design and development of new anticancer treatments, new anticancer low-molecular-weight agents as potential drug substances, and the elucidation of their mechanisms of action. The book also includes studies on novel modulators of the serotonergic system used to treat central nervous system disorders, novel agents against infectious diseases, and the development of anti-plasmodial and anti-inflammatory agents. The successful identification of new compounds for development as drug substances comes from rich sources of medicinal plants and medicinal chemistry approaches.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- alpha-ketoglutarate --- cell cycle --- apoptosis --- JNK --- cell migration --- cell invasion --- TGF-β --- VEGF --- glycoconjugates --- methotrexate --- cancer treatment --- glucose metabolism --- drug design and discovery --- anticancer drugs --- targeted therapy --- Warburg effect --- antidepressants --- pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidines --- dual 5-HT1A/SERT activity --- drug design --- anticancer activity --- lung cancer --- resveratrol --- PRI-2191 --- vitamin D --- active substance delivery systems --- biomedical hydrogels --- active substance-controlled release --- genistein --- hydrogels for cosmetology --- hydrogels for dermatology --- transdermal active substance delivery systems --- histone deacetylase (HDAC) --- depression --- biomarker --- anti-depressant therapy --- human DNA topoisomerase --- cancer --- drug --- molecular docking --- synthesis --- fluorine --- vitamin D3 --- metabolite --- A-ring --- CD-ring --- side-chain --- nanoparticles --- molecular modeling --- oxidation mechanisms --- electrochemistry --- MALDI --- spectroscopic data --- cytotoxic study --- self-assembled monolayer --- gold electrode --- multimodal activity --- calcium-sensing receptor --- enantiomer --- calcimimetic --- calcilytic --- colon cancer --- stereospecificity --- HT-29 --- IL-8 --- inflammation --- cyclooxygenase --- 1,2,4-triazole --- pyridazinone --- SAR --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidant activity --- ADME --- anticancer drug --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- dermaseptin --- frog skin peptides --- LHRH --- prostate cancer --- Phyllomedusa bicolor --- therapeutic peptides --- copper (II) complexes --- thiourea --- cytotoxic activity --- proteome analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- major latex protein --- Chelidonium majus --- greater celandine --- defense-related proteins --- alkaloids --- cancer cells --- vitamin D receptor --- split luciferase-based biosensor --- CYP24A1-dependent metabolism --- CYP27B1 --- rickets --- genome editing --- vitamin D biology and action --- transcription --- ChIP-chip analysis --- distal enhancers --- histone H3 acetylation --- RNA polymerase II --- analogue actions at genes --- vitamin D hormone (1,25(OH)2D3) --- latex --- antiviral proteins --- antimicrobial compounds --- cytotoxicity --- drug discovery --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- tetrahydro-β-carbolines --- Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) --- antimalarial --- antiparasitic agents --- hemolysis --- vitamin D analogs --- 25 vitamin D 24-hydroxylase --- CYP24A1 --- proliferation --- high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells --- gold --- Au(III) complex --- colorectal cancer --- organometallic --- cancer therapy --- metallodrugs --- alpha-ketoglutarate --- cell cycle --- apoptosis --- JNK --- cell migration --- cell invasion --- TGF-β --- VEGF --- glycoconjugates --- methotrexate --- cancer treatment --- glucose metabolism --- drug design and discovery --- anticancer drugs --- targeted therapy --- Warburg effect --- antidepressants --- pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidines --- dual 5-HT1A/SERT activity --- drug design --- anticancer activity --- lung cancer --- resveratrol --- PRI-2191 --- vitamin D --- active substance delivery systems --- biomedical hydrogels --- active substance-controlled release --- genistein --- hydrogels for cosmetology --- hydrogels for dermatology --- transdermal active substance delivery systems --- histone deacetylase (HDAC) --- depression --- biomarker --- anti-depressant therapy --- human DNA topoisomerase --- cancer --- drug --- molecular docking --- synthesis --- fluorine --- vitamin D3 --- metabolite --- A-ring --- CD-ring --- side-chain --- nanoparticles --- molecular modeling --- oxidation mechanisms --- electrochemistry --- MALDI --- spectroscopic data --- cytotoxic study --- self-assembled monolayer --- gold electrode --- multimodal activity --- calcium-sensing receptor --- enantiomer --- calcimimetic --- calcilytic --- colon cancer --- stereospecificity --- HT-29 --- IL-8 --- inflammation --- cyclooxygenase --- 1,2,4-triazole --- pyridazinone --- SAR --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidant activity --- ADME --- anticancer drug --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- dermaseptin --- frog skin peptides --- LHRH --- prostate cancer --- Phyllomedusa bicolor --- therapeutic peptides --- copper (II) complexes --- thiourea --- cytotoxic activity --- proteome analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- major latex protein --- Chelidonium majus --- greater celandine --- defense-related proteins --- alkaloids --- cancer cells --- vitamin D receptor --- split luciferase-based biosensor --- CYP24A1-dependent metabolism --- CYP27B1 --- rickets --- genome editing --- vitamin D biology and action --- transcription --- ChIP-chip analysis --- distal enhancers --- histone H3 acetylation --- RNA polymerase II --- analogue actions at genes --- vitamin D hormone (1,25(OH)2D3) --- latex --- antiviral proteins --- antimicrobial compounds --- cytotoxicity --- drug discovery --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- tetrahydro-β-carbolines --- Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) --- antimalarial --- antiparasitic agents --- hemolysis --- vitamin D analogs --- 25 vitamin D 24-hydroxylase --- CYP24A1 --- proliferation --- high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells --- gold --- Au(III) complex --- colorectal cancer --- organometallic --- cancer therapy --- metallodrugs