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This accessible Element defends version of virtue epistemology shown to have all-things-considered advantages over other views on the market. The view is unorthodox, in that it incorporates Sosa's animal/reflective knowledge distinction, which has thus far had few takers. The author shows why embracing a multi-tiered framework is not a liability within virtue epistemology but instead affords it an edge not attainable otherwise. The particular account of knowledge goes beyond Sosa's own view by introducing and incorporating several theoretical innovations (regarding both basing and risk, as well as the introduction of multiple species of reflective knowledge) which are aimed at revamping how we think about 'high-grade' knowledge, how we attain it, and what it demands of us. The result is a new and improved stratified virtue epistemology that can hold up against scrutiny.
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Définir la connaissance, mettre à l'épreuve la justification de nos croyances, tels sont les objectifs de l'épistémologie contemporaine. Mais la vie de la pensée est aussi, comme toute vie, chargée de valeurs. Elle a ses vertus et ses vices. Bien ordonnée, cette vie est divine, pensait Aristote. Thomas d'Aquin insiste sur des vertus comme la studiosité ou l'humilité. A leur suite, ce livre invite à repenser l'épistémologie comme une éthique intellectuelle.
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Philosophers have long agreed that moral responsibility might not only have a freedom condition, but also an epistemic condition. Moral responsibility and knowledge interact, but the question is exactly how. Ignorance might constitute an excuse, but the question is exactly when. Surprisingly enough, the epistemic condition has only recently attracted the attention of scholars. This volume sets the agenda. Sixteen new essays address the following central questions: Does the epistemic condition require akrasia? Why does blameless ignorance excuse? Does moral ignorance sustained by one's culture excuse? Does the epistemic condition involve knowledge of the wrongness or wrongmaking features of one's action? Is the epistemic condition an independent condition, or is it derivative from one's quality of will or intentions? Is the epistemic condition sensitive to degrees of difficulty? Are there different kinds of moral responsibility and thus multiple epistemic conditions? Is the epistemic condition revisionary? What is the basic structure of the epistemic condition?
Erkenntnistheorie. --- Moralische Verantwortung. --- Responsibility. --- Virtue epistemology.
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Virtue epistemology. --- Intellect. --- Agent (Philosophy) --- Montessori, Maria,
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Erkenntnistheorie. --- Tugend. --- Virtue epistemology. --- Virtue epistemology --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of
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Virtue epistemology is one of the most flourishing research programmes in contemporary epistemology. Its defining thesis is that properties of agents and groups are the primary focus of epistemic theorising. Within virtue epistemology two key strands can be distinguished: virtue reliabilism, which focuses on agent properties that are strongly truth-conducive, such as perceptual and inferential abilities of agents; and virtue responsibilism, which focuses on intellectual virtues in the sense of character traits of agents, such as open-mindedness and intellectual courage. This volume brings together ten new essays on virtue epistemology, with contributions to both of its key strands, written by leading authors in the field. It will advance the state of the art and provide readers with a valuable overview of what virtue epistemology has achieved.
Virtue epistemology. --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of
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Lassen sich Geist und Bedeutung 'naturalisieren'? Damit ist genauer die Frage gemeint, ob sich einerseits Gedanken, Überzeugungen oder Gründe, die wir haben, zu denen wir gelangen oder aus denen wir folgern oder handeln können, andererseits die Bedeutung sprachlicher Ausdrücke, mit denen wir uns -- auch über Geistiges -- verständigen, als etwas begreifen lassen, was irgendwie in Begriffen eines bloßen Geschehens erklärbar ist oder mit etwas bloß Geschehendem identisch ist. In diesem Buch wird dafür argumentiert, dass die Antwort auf diese Frage negativ ausfällt. Dabei geht es nicht allein um eine Detailkritik unterschiedlicher naturalistischer Ansätze oder Theorien. Die Probleme sind, wie deutlich werden soll, von grundsätzlicher Art: Die kausale, funktionale oder physische Begrifflichkeit, in der wissenschaftliche Theorien oder auch alltagsweltliches Sprechen über Natürliches ihre Gegenstände klassifizieren und individuieren, ist nämlich unvereinbar mit der Einstellung, in der wir geistige Einstellungen (oder Handlungen) zuschreiben oder bekunden bzw. Aussagen über die Bedeutung sprachlicher Ausdrücke machen. Für solche Redeweisen ist eine soziale Praxis der Zuschreibung und Übernahme von Verantwortung sinnkonstitutiv, die sich ihrerseits nicht als ein vorfindliches Geschehen verstehen lässt.
Naturalism. --- Philosophy of mind. --- Philosophy of nature. --- Virtue epistemology.
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An epistemic virtue is a personal quality conducive to the discovery of truth, the avoidance of error, or some other intellectually valuable goal. Current work in epistemology is increasingly value-driven, but this volume presents the first collection of essays to explore whether virtue epistemology can also be naturalistic, in the philosophical definition meaning 'methodologically continuous with science'. The essays examine the empirical research in psychology on cognitive abilities and personal dispositions, meta-epistemic semantic accounts of virtue theoretic norms, the role of emotion in knowledge, 'ought-implies can' constraints, empirically and metaphysically grounded accounts of 'proper functioning', and even applied virtue epistemology in relation to education. Naturalizing Epistemic Virtue addresses many core issues in contemporary epistemology, presents new opportunities for work on epistemic abilities, epistemic virtues and cognitive character, and will be of great interest to those studying virtue ethics and epistemology.
Virtue epistemology. --- Naturalism. --- Materialism --- Mechanism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Positivism --- Science --- Epistemic virtue --- Epistemology, Virtue --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Virtue epistemology --- Naturalism
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