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Virial theorem --- 530.145 --- Quantum theory --- 530.145 Quantum theory
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Astrophysics --- 521.03 --- Stars --- Virial theorem --- Clausius virial theorem --- Theorem, Virial --- Force and energy --- Kinetic theory of gases --- Sidereal system --- Galaxies --- Circumstellar matter --- Theoretical astronomy. Celestial mechanics--?.03 --- 521.03 Theoretical astronomy. Celestial mechanics--?.03
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During the course of this century, gauge invariance has slowly emerged from being an incidental symmetry of electromagnetism to being a fundamental geometrical principle underlying the four known fundamental physical interactions. The development has been in two stages. In the first stage (1916-1956) the geometrical significance of gauge-invariance gradually came to be appreciated and the original abelian gauge-invariance of electromagnetism was generalized to non-abelian gauge invariance. In the second stage (1960-1975) it was found that, contrary to first appearances, the non-abelian gauge-theories provided exactly the framework that was needed to describe the nuclear interactions (both weak and strong) and thus provided a universal framework for describing all known fundamental interactions. In this work, Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh describes the former phase. O'Raifeartaigh first illustrates how gravitational theory and quantum mechanics played crucial roles in the reassessment of gauge theory as a geometric principle and as a framework for describing both electromagnetism and gravitation. He then describes how the abelian electromagnetic gauge-theory was generalized to its present non-abelian form. The development is illustrated by including a selection of relevant articles, many of them appearing here for the first time in English, notably by Weyl, Schrodinger, Klein, and London in the pre-war years, and by Pauli, Shaw, Yang-Mills, and Utiyama after the war. The articles illustrate that the reassessment of gauge-theory, due in a large measure to Weyl, constituted a major philosophical as well as technical advance.
Quantum field theory. --- Gauge invariance. --- Gravitation. --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Physics --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Gage invariance --- Gauge transformations --- Invariance, Gauge --- Electromagnetism --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Quantum theory --- Properties --- Angular momentum. --- Balmer spectrum. --- Cartan gravitation. --- Charge conjugation. --- Diffeomorphisms. --- Eulerian derivative. --- Fermi statistics. --- General Theory. --- General relativity. --- Hamiltonian. --- Instantons. --- Jacobi identity. --- Kazimierz conference. --- Lagrangian. --- Lorentz transformation. --- Magnetic dipoles. --- Maxwell equations. --- Meson-Nucleon Interaction. --- Neutron. --- Pauli's theory. --- Renormalization. --- Rigid group. --- Topology. --- Virial theorem. --- Yang-Mills theory. --- Zeeman effect. --- action-density. --- conservation of isotopic. --- constants. --- divergence. --- factor. --- integral. --- quanta.
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Over recent decades, the increase in computational resources, coupled with the popularity of competitive quantum mechanics alternatives (particularly DFT), has promoted the widespread penetration of quantum mechanics calculations into a variety of fields targeting the reactivity of molecules. This book presents a selection of original research papers and review articles illustrating diverse applications of quantum mechanics in the study of problems involving molecules and their reactivity.
Research & information: general --- Pyrophosphate --- electronic structure --- mechanical properties --- optical properties --- first-principles calculations --- chemical reactivity theory --- HSAB principle --- information theory --- quantum mechanics --- regional complementarity rule --- virial theorem --- free radical scavengers --- antioxidants --- fluoxetine --- depressive disorder --- major --- oxidative stress --- DFT calculations --- reactive oxygen species --- porphyrins, density functional theory --- DFT --- surfaces --- self-assembly --- scanning tunneling microscopy --- dispersion --- nanostructures --- solid state --- condensed phase --- [NiFeSe] hydrogenase --- quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular mechanics (MM), geometry optimizations --- vibrational frequency analyses --- Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) frequencies --- Quercetin molecule --- conformational mobility --- hydroxyl group --- transition state --- concerted rotation of the hydroxyl groups --- quantum-chemical calculations --- quantum technology --- chemical kinetics --- reaction rate --- RRKM theory --- master equation --- coordination complexes --- donor-acceptor systems --- partial electronic flows --- phase-current relations --- subsystem phases --- Pyrophosphate --- electronic structure --- mechanical properties --- optical properties --- first-principles calculations --- chemical reactivity theory --- HSAB principle --- information theory --- quantum mechanics --- regional complementarity rule --- virial theorem --- free radical scavengers --- antioxidants --- fluoxetine --- depressive disorder --- major --- oxidative stress --- DFT calculations --- reactive oxygen species --- porphyrins, density functional theory --- DFT --- surfaces --- self-assembly --- scanning tunneling microscopy --- dispersion --- nanostructures --- solid state --- condensed phase --- [NiFeSe] hydrogenase --- quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular mechanics (MM), geometry optimizations --- vibrational frequency analyses --- Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) frequencies --- Quercetin molecule --- conformational mobility --- hydroxyl group --- transition state --- concerted rotation of the hydroxyl groups --- quantum-chemical calculations --- quantum technology --- chemical kinetics --- reaction rate --- RRKM theory --- master equation --- coordination complexes --- donor-acceptor systems --- partial electronic flows --- phase-current relations --- subsystem phases
Choose an application
Over recent decades, the increase in computational resources, coupled with the popularity of competitive quantum mechanics alternatives (particularly DFT), has promoted the widespread penetration of quantum mechanics calculations into a variety of fields targeting the reactivity of molecules. This book presents a selection of original research papers and review articles illustrating diverse applications of quantum mechanics in the study of problems involving molecules and their reactivity.
Research & information: general --- Pyrophosphate --- electronic structure --- mechanical properties --- optical properties --- first-principles calculations --- chemical reactivity theory --- HSAB principle --- information theory --- quantum mechanics --- regional complementarity rule --- virial theorem --- free radical scavengers --- antioxidants --- fluoxetine --- depressive disorder --- major --- oxidative stress --- DFT calculations --- reactive oxygen species --- porphyrins, density functional theory --- DFT --- surfaces --- self-assembly --- scanning tunneling microscopy --- dispersion --- nanostructures --- solid state --- condensed phase --- [NiFeSe] hydrogenase --- quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular mechanics (MM), geometry optimizations --- vibrational frequency analyses --- Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) frequencies --- Quercetin molecule --- conformational mobility --- hydroxyl group --- transition state --- concerted rotation of the hydroxyl groups --- quantum-chemical calculations --- quantum technology --- chemical kinetics --- reaction rate --- RRKM theory --- master equation --- coordination complexes --- donor–acceptor systems --- partial electronic flows --- phase–current relations --- subsystem phases --- n/a --- donor-acceptor systems --- phase-current relations
Choose an application
Over recent decades, the increase in computational resources, coupled with the popularity of competitive quantum mechanics alternatives (particularly DFT), has promoted the widespread penetration of quantum mechanics calculations into a variety of fields targeting the reactivity of molecules. This book presents a selection of original research papers and review articles illustrating diverse applications of quantum mechanics in the study of problems involving molecules and their reactivity.
Pyrophosphate --- electronic structure --- mechanical properties --- optical properties --- first-principles calculations --- chemical reactivity theory --- HSAB principle --- information theory --- quantum mechanics --- regional complementarity rule --- virial theorem --- free radical scavengers --- antioxidants --- fluoxetine --- depressive disorder --- major --- oxidative stress --- DFT calculations --- reactive oxygen species --- porphyrins, density functional theory --- DFT --- surfaces --- self-assembly --- scanning tunneling microscopy --- dispersion --- nanostructures --- solid state --- condensed phase --- [NiFeSe] hydrogenase --- quantum mechanics (QM)/molecular mechanics (MM), geometry optimizations --- vibrational frequency analyses --- Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) frequencies --- Quercetin molecule --- conformational mobility --- hydroxyl group --- transition state --- concerted rotation of the hydroxyl groups --- quantum-chemical calculations --- quantum technology --- chemical kinetics --- reaction rate --- RRKM theory --- master equation --- coordination complexes --- donor–acceptor systems --- partial electronic flows --- phase–current relations --- subsystem phases --- n/a --- donor-acceptor systems --- phase-current relations
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