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breeding --- plants physiology --- plant protection --- vegetable production --- vegetable crops --- seed production

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"Covering 40% of the European agricultural area, grasslands are vitally important both for agriculture and society. These grasslands serve multiple functions, including the local provision of fodder for animal husbandry (and hence high-quality food provision for people), biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and the provision of ‘traditional’ landscapes that European citizens appreciate for recreational purposes and cultural heritage.The future of grassland farming in Europe is in the hands of young farmers. Compared to other topics, grassland management has often been a weak point of teaching delivered by agricultural technical schools in several European countries. The training of future farmers and advisors could thus be significantly improved, which could lead to better grassland management in the medium and long terms. For this reason, the European project Inno4Grass created a syllabus and a set of PowerPoint presentations on practical grassland management for current and future generations of grassland farmers and advisors."

Animal husbandry --- biodiversity --- cattle --- water --- environment --- Europe --- milk --- meadow --- vegetable production

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The commune of Kenscoff, considered as the green belt of Port-au-Prince, is one of the main vegetable production areas in Haiti. However, it is unable to meet the demands of neighboring areas because of many constraints that prevent vegetable farmers from fully developing their activity. In this context, this study was conducted in Grand Fond, one of the municipal sections of Kenscoff, in order to identify, on the basis of a technical and economic study, the constraints linked to three crops: potato, tomato and lettuce, as well as the strategies developed by vegetable farmers to cope with these constraints. It was conducted during the months of April to June 2022 coinciding with the spring agricultural season, which is very important for the country. For data collection, a stratified random sampling was conducted in three market gardening sites where a survey was carried out among market gardeners.
The results of the survey showed that market gardening in the Grand Fond area is 86% carried out by men, with an average age of market gardeners of 43 years, and more than 50% of vegetable farmers have more than 10 years of employment vegetable production experience. The dominant mode of access to land in the area is direct tenure, with small plots. Vegetable farmers have an average of 3 fields on their farms on which they use family labor combined with paid labor. The main cropping systems used are associations, although it has been noted that lettuce is often grown in monoculture. In terms of technical and economic performance, tomato was the best performing crop with an average yield estimated at 13.78t/ha for a GVA of 7757.82 USD, followed by lettuce with a yield of 10.66t/ha for a GVA of 6437.51 USD and lastly the potato 11.28t/ha for a GVA of 4638.40 USD.
The main constraints identified in the area were: climatic hazards (drought and cyclones), land constraints, loss of soil fertility, problems related to labor, pressure from diseases and pests, lack of storage and conservation infrastructure, the problem of financing, the high costs of inputs and insecurity. La commune de Kenscoff, considérée comme la ceinture verte de Port-au-Prince, est l’une des principales zones de production maraichère d’Haïti. Cependant elle n’arrive pas à satisfaire les demandes des zones avoisinantes à cause de nombreuses contraintes qui empêchent les maraichers de développer pleinement leur activité. Dans ce contexte, cette étude a été réalisée à Grand Fond, l’une des sections communales de Kenscoff, afin d’identifier sur base d’une étude technico-économique, les contraintes liées à trois cultures : la pomme de terre, la tomate et la laitue, ainsi que les stratégies développées par les maraichers face à ces contraintes. Elle a été réalisée durant les mois d’avril à juin 2022 coïncidant avec la campagne agricole de printemps, qui est très importante pour le pays. Pour la collecte des données un échantillonnage aléatoire stratifié a été réalisé dans trois sites maraichers où une enquête a été réalisée auprès des maraichers
Les résultats de l’enquête ont montré que le maraichage dans la zone de Grand Fond est réalisé par les hommes à 86%, avec un âge moyen des maraichers de 43 ans, et plus de 50% des maraichers ont plus de 10 ans d’expérience dans le maraichage. Le mode d’accès à la terre dominant de la zone est le faire-valoir direct, avec des parcelles de petite taille. Les maraichers ont en moyenne 3 champs sur leur exploitation sur lesquelles ils utilisent la main-d’œuvre familiale associée à la main-d’œuvre salariée. Les principaux systèmes de culture utilisés sont les associations, bien qu’il a été remarqué que la laitue est souvent cultivée en monoculture. En terme de performance technique et économique, la tomate a été la culture la plus performante avec un rendement moyen estimé à 13,78t/ha pour une VAB de 7757,82 USD, en suite la laitue avec un rendement de 10,66t/ha pour une VAB de 6437,51 USD et en dernier lieu la pomme de terre 11,28t/ha pour une VAB de 4638,40 USD.
Les principales contraintes identifiées dans la zone ont été : les aléas climatiques (sécheresse et cyclones), la contrainte foncière, la perte de la fertilité des sols, les problèmes liés à la main-d’œuvre, la pression des maladies et ravageurs, le manque d’infrastructure de stockage et de conservation, le problème de financement, les coûts élevés des intrants et l’insécurité.

Vegetable production --- constraint --- strategy --- Kenscoff --- Grand Fond --- potato --- tomato --- lettuce. --- Maraichage --- contrainte --- stratégie --- Kenscoff --- Grand Fond --- pomme de terre --- tomate --- laitue. --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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Vegetables are an important part of the human diet due to their nutrient density and, at the same time, low calorie content. Producers of vegetable crops mainly aim at achieving high yields with good external quality. However, there is an increasing demand of consumers for vegetables that provide good sensory properties and are rich in secondary compounds that can be valuable for human health. Sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions, like high temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity or nutrient deficiency, may alter the composition of vegetable crops and at the same time, result in yield loss. Thus, producers need to adapt their horticultural practices such as through the choice of variety, irrigation regime, light management, fruit thinning, or fertilizer application to improve the yield and quality of the vegetable product. In the future, altered climate conditions such as elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, rising temperatures, or altered precipitation patterns may become additional challenges for producers of vegetable crops, especially those that cultivate in the open field. This raises the need for optimized horticultural practices in order to minimize abiotic stresses. As well, specific storage conditions can have large impacts on the quality of vegetables. This Special Issue compiles research that deals with the optimization of vegetable product quality (e.g. sensory aspects, composition) under sub- or supra-optimal abiotic conditions.

Research & information: general --- ascorbic acid --- biostimulants --- Allium cepa --- Phulkara --- Nasarpuri --- Lambada and Red Bone --- gibberex --- Momordica charantia L --- dismutase --- peroxidase --- catalase --- vegetative growth --- flesh firmness --- flowering --- harvest time --- lycopene --- rootstock-scion combination --- total soluble solids --- elevated CO₂ --- modified atmosphere package --- sensory and physiological-biochemical characteristics --- total phenol --- DPPH --- heirloom beans --- drought --- abiotic stress --- local farming --- nutraceutical properties --- zinc --- Solanum lycopersicum --- drought potassium --- vacuolar transporter --- tomato --- product quality --- nitrogen --- shelf life --- carotenoids --- antioxidants --- taste --- minerals --- fatty acids --- oxalate --- nitrate --- phytochemicals --- ammonium --- climate change --- food quality --- photosynthesis --- nitrogen source --- vegetable --- Ocimum basilicum --- salt --- NaCl --- yield --- quality --- polyphenols --- grafting --- water-use efficiency --- nutrient use efficiency --- vegetable production --- n/a

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Vegetable gardening --- Horticulture --- Gardening --- Tuinbouw. --- Gardening. --- Horticulture. --- Vegetable gardening. --- Brazil. --- Horticultural science --- Horticultural sciences --- Bedding (Horticulture) --- al-Barāzīl --- Barāzīl --- Brasil --- Brasile --- Brasilië --- Brasilien --- Brazili --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilia --- Brazilië --- Brazilii︠a︡ --- Brazilii︠a︡ Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Brazylia --- Brésil --- Federale Republiek van Brasilië --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Federat︠s︡iėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai︠a︡ Rėspublika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Pa-hsi --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Pindorama --- República Federal del Brasil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Kitchen gardens --- Truck farming --- Victory gardens --- Agriculture --- Brasili --- Brazilii͡ --- Brazilii͡a Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Federale Republiek van Brasili --- Federativna republika Brazilii͡ --- Federat͡siėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai͡a Rėspublika Brazilii͡ --- Brasilia --- Burajiru --- olericulture --- vegetable cultivation --- vegetable culture --- vegetable gardening --- vegetable production --- horticulture --- crop production --- home gardening --- vegetable gardens --- vegetable yield