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Many things have been said and written on the skeletal and non-skeletal effects of vitamin D, but the largest recent interventional studies are generally negative. How should we thus position ourselves in 2020? Should we say “stop” or “not yet”? Indeed, the aging of the population, as well as new challenges and discoveries, is still triggering interest in this old molecule. In this Special Edition of Nutrients, we invited top experts to give their opinion on this important debate. We also encouraged scientists to submit their latest research on nutritional requirements in the general population and in high-risk groups, as well as treatment strategies, epidemiology, analytical updates and new devices for vitamin D measurement and the effect of vitamin D on bone and extra-skeletal health. As readers will see, this Special Issue reinforces the high prevalence of vitamin deficiency and insufficiency in the general population and supports the safety of this low-cost molecule, revealing new perspectives regarding the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- vitamin D --- obesity --- weight–loss --- body composition --- 25(OH)vitamin D --- biomarkers --- dietary survey --- public health --- EU Menu --- Slovenia --- Europe --- ageing --- older persons --- sensible sun exposure --- cutaneous synthesis --- vitamin D3 --- natural sunlight --- serum 25(OH)D --- autoimmune hepatitis --- primary biliary cholangitis --- health-related quality of life --- mental well-being --- breastmilk --- infant --- mother --- plasma --- vitamin D metabolites --- 3-Epi25(OH)D3 --- 25-hvdroxyvitamin --- vitamin D treatment --- idiopathic hypercalciuria --- urolithiasis --- children --- bone density --- head and neck cancer --- racial disparities --- chemoprevention --- UVB --- microRNA --- proteomic profiling --- vitamin D status --- disability --- very old adults --- vulvovaginal atrophy --- VVA --- vaginal maturation index --- VMI --- vaginal health --- ergocalciferol --- vitamin D supplement --- sunlight exposure --- barriers --- indoor workers --- female --- focus group discussion --- n/a --- weight-loss

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This reprint describes recent advances made in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing. The articles presented in this book provide useful information and insight for the development of new antifungal drugs or intervention strategies. The identification of new, safe molecules, and cellular targets, as well as the elucidation of their antifungal mechanisms of action, will further the effective control of fungal pathogens, especially those resistant to current therapeutic agents.

nanoparticles --- fungi --- drug delivery systems --- marine --- biological synthesis --- myconanotechnology --- canesten --- clotrimazole --- vulvovaginal --- vaginitis --- mycosis --- candidosis --- yeast infection --- candida --- candida albicans --- vaginal health --- anticandidal activity --- indazole --- pyrazole --- 3-phenyl-1H-indazole --- drug design --- acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) --- capsule --- CAP64 --- Cryptococcus --- membrane potential (ΔΨM) --- photodynamic treatment --- photosensitiser --- ultrastructure --- drug repurposing --- antifungals --- repositioning --- yeasts --- emerging fungi --- multidrug resistance --- therapeutic alternatives --- new targets --- Candida auris --- Aspergillus spp. --- antifungal --- beta-glucan --- polycations --- Galleria mellonella model --- retinoids --- Candida spp. --- onychomycosis --- Malassezia spp. --- dermatophytes --- microbiology --- mycology --- all-trans retinoic acid --- Acanthamoeba --- free-living ameba --- Acanthamoeba keratitis --- isavuconazonium sulfate --- cyst --- drug --- drug discovery --- drug targets --- invasive aspergillosis treatment --- invasive fungal infections --- fission yeast --- cell wall --- β(1,3)-D-glucan synthase --- antifungal drugs --- echinocandin drugs --- echinocandin resistance --- Fks resistance hot spots --- cytokinesis --- septation --- cell separation --- cell integrity --- cell lysis --- sporotrichosis --- Felis catus --- quinones --- hydrazones --- zoonoses --- host-directed drug therapy --- azoles --- polyenes --- echinocandins --- viral infections --- azole --- synergy --- resistance --- Candida --- natural products --- n/a

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This reprint describes recent advances made in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing. The articles presented in this book provide useful information and insight for the development of new antifungal drugs or intervention strategies. The identification of new, safe molecules, and cellular targets, as well as the elucidation of their antifungal mechanisms of action, will further the effective control of fungal pathogens, especially those resistant to current therapeutic agents.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- nanoparticles --- fungi --- drug delivery systems --- marine --- biological synthesis --- myconanotechnology --- canesten --- clotrimazole --- vulvovaginal --- vaginitis --- mycosis --- candidosis --- yeast infection --- candida --- candida albicans --- vaginal health --- anticandidal activity --- indazole --- pyrazole --- 3-phenyl-1H-indazole --- drug design --- acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) --- capsule --- CAP64 --- Cryptococcus --- membrane potential (ΔΨM) --- photodynamic treatment --- photosensitiser --- ultrastructure --- drug repurposing --- antifungals --- repositioning --- yeasts --- emerging fungi --- multidrug resistance --- therapeutic alternatives --- new targets --- Candida auris --- Aspergillus spp. --- antifungal --- beta-glucan --- polycations --- Galleria mellonella model --- retinoids --- Candida spp. --- onychomycosis --- Malassezia spp. --- dermatophytes --- microbiology --- mycology --- all-trans retinoic acid --- Acanthamoeba --- free-living ameba --- Acanthamoeba keratitis --- isavuconazonium sulfate --- cyst --- drug --- drug discovery --- drug targets --- invasive aspergillosis treatment --- invasive fungal infections --- fission yeast --- cell wall --- β(1,3)-D-glucan synthase --- antifungal drugs --- echinocandin drugs --- echinocandin resistance --- Fks resistance hot spots --- cytokinesis --- septation --- cell separation --- cell integrity --- cell lysis --- sporotrichosis --- Felis catus --- quinones --- hydrazones --- zoonoses --- host-directed drug therapy --- azoles --- polyenes --- echinocandins --- viral infections --- azole --- synergy --- resistance --- Candida --- natural products