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The detection and quantification of with high precision nucleic acid biomarkers and protein biomarkers in resource-limited settings is key to the early diagnosis of diseases and for monitoring the effects of treatments. As there is an enormous demand for high-quality biomarker detection platforms that are robust and highly applicable in resource-limited settings, this book is devoted to exploring methods for detection and quantification of biomarkers, focusing on the recent advances in this field.

Research & information: general --- SERS --- LPS --- bacteria --- endotoxin --- lipid A --- silver nanorods --- creatinine --- ZnO nanowires --- piezo-enzymatic-reaction effect --- self-powered biosensor --- immunosensors --- electrochemical immunosensors --- biosensors --- voltammetric immunosensors --- amperometric immunosensors --- impedimetric immunosensors --- eletrochemiluminescent immunosensors --- cysteine --- biothiols --- cystinuria --- portable --- fluorimeter --- bio-imaging --- cancer --- bladder cancer --- prostate cancer --- urinary biomarkers --- urinary VOCs --- machine olfaction --- GC-IMS --- GC-TOF-MS --- cancer markers --- immune checkpoints --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- high-aspect-ratio microfluidic channel --- parallelogram cross-section --- monodisperse droplet --- droplet generation

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After our successful first Special Issue about bladder cancer, we proceeded with the second issue. Again, many international scientists submitted their newest research results in that extremely interesting field and followed our call for submissions. It is not only the collection and combination of old and new markers that could develop new possibilities, but also the focus on different classifications and sub-classifications that will unveil new ways in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It seems that the two established diagnostic tools will still play an important role, but new markers and diagnostics tools will present more detailed and more differentiated possibilities in the treatment of urinary bladder cancer. This second Special Issue is full of scientific results that could provide new ways to help patients with instruments for early diagnostics and with predictive and prognostic markers on their way to finding new and personalized strategies for therapy. The editors thank all of the submitting authors for their efforts and time spent on each manuscript. We hope that this Special Issue will prove useful to research work in bladder cancer in the future. We hope that many talented researchers will use multiple forms of art to improve their professional successes and to ameliorate diagnostics and therapy in bladder cancer.

Medicine --- Metallothionein --- urothelium --- urothelial cancer --- cadmium exposure --- zinc transporter --- bladder --- TAGLN --- F-actin --- PTEN --- p53 --- tumorigenesis --- proliferation --- invasion --- TERT promoter mutations --- FGFR3 --- non muscle invasive bladder cancer --- BCG therapy --- bladder cancer --- JAK-STAT pathway --- combination therapy --- oncolytic adenovirus --- virotherapy --- STAT3/5 inhibitor --- JAK inhibitor --- XVir-N-31 --- bladder cancer detection --- urinary biomarkers --- DNA methylation --- ECRG4 --- ITIH5 --- biomarker --- cancer --- grade --- metabolomics --- MS --- NMR --- biomarkers --- tumor markers --- prognosis --- heparanase --- syndecan-1 --- heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) --- urothelial carcinoma --- miRNA --- quantitative PCR --- tumor marker --- voided urine cytology --- KDM7A --- histone demethylase --- TC-E 5002 --- androgen receptor --- drug resistance --- non-invasive detection --- telomerase --- somatic mutations --- TERT promoter region --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- chemotherapy --- immunotherapy --- personalized medicine --- predictive biomarker --- survivin --- BIRC5 --- macrophage --- KRT20 --- ERBB2 --- MIBC --- prediction --- RT-qPCR --- adjuvant chemotherapy --- survival --- Metallothionein --- urothelium --- urothelial cancer --- cadmium exposure --- zinc transporter --- bladder --- TAGLN --- F-actin --- PTEN --- p53 --- tumorigenesis --- proliferation --- invasion --- TERT promoter mutations --- FGFR3 --- non muscle invasive bladder cancer --- BCG therapy --- bladder cancer --- JAK-STAT pathway --- combination therapy --- oncolytic adenovirus --- virotherapy --- STAT3/5 inhibitor --- JAK inhibitor --- XVir-N-31 --- bladder cancer detection --- urinary biomarkers --- DNA methylation --- ECRG4 --- ITIH5 --- biomarker --- cancer --- grade --- metabolomics --- MS --- NMR --- biomarkers --- tumor markers --- prognosis --- heparanase --- syndecan-1 --- heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) --- urothelial carcinoma --- miRNA --- quantitative PCR --- tumor marker --- voided urine cytology --- KDM7A --- histone demethylase --- TC-E 5002 --- androgen receptor --- drug resistance --- non-invasive detection --- telomerase --- somatic mutations --- TERT promoter region --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- chemotherapy --- immunotherapy --- personalized medicine --- predictive biomarker --- survivin --- BIRC5 --- macrophage --- KRT20 --- ERBB2 --- MIBC --- prediction --- RT-qPCR --- adjuvant chemotherapy --- survival

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This book provides important and updated information on current research devoted to urinary biomarkers. Urinary biomarkers are characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological or pathogenic processes of pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention.

Medicine --- poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis --- infection-related glomerulonephritis --- nephritis-associated plasmin receptor --- plasmin --- acute kidney injury --- renal biomarkers --- furosemide stress test --- functional assessment --- urine --- diabetic kidney disease --- kidney function --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- statistical clinical model --- machine learning --- acute tubulointerstitial nephritis --- immunology --- biomarkers --- chronic kidney disease --- differential diagnosis --- label-free quantification --- renal transplant --- extracellular vesicles --- acute rejection --- chronic rejection --- chronic allograft dysfunction --- calcineurin-inhibitor nephrotoxicity --- Polyomavirus associated nephropathy --- immunosuppression --- upper urinary tract obstruction --- kidney injury --- neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- monocyte chemotactic protein-1 --- kidney injury molecule 1 --- cystatin C --- vanin-1 --- microRNA --- uromodulin --- kidney graft function --- biomarker --- kidney transplantation --- long noncoding RNA --- rejection --- microvascular injury --- urinary aminopeptidases --- arterial hypertension --- renal function --- urinary biomarkers --- markers of AKI --- cystatin-C --- NGAL --- KIM-1 --- exercise --- end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) --- cardiovascular disease --- epidemiology --- CKD --- macrophage subpopulation --- renal fibrosis --- trichostatin A --- kidney graft --- T-cell-mediated rejection --- antibody-mediated rejection --- diagnostic test accuracy --- gentamicin --- sepsis --- miRNA --- nephrotoxicity --- vancomycin --- n/a

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This book provides important and updated information on current research devoted to urinary biomarkers. Urinary biomarkers are characteristics that can be objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological or pathogenic processes of pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention.

poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis --- infection-related glomerulonephritis --- nephritis-associated plasmin receptor --- plasmin --- acute kidney injury --- renal biomarkers --- furosemide stress test --- functional assessment --- urine --- diabetic kidney disease --- kidney function --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- statistical clinical model --- machine learning --- acute tubulointerstitial nephritis --- immunology --- biomarkers --- chronic kidney disease --- differential diagnosis --- label-free quantification --- renal transplant --- extracellular vesicles --- acute rejection --- chronic rejection --- chronic allograft dysfunction --- calcineurin-inhibitor nephrotoxicity --- Polyomavirus associated nephropathy --- immunosuppression --- upper urinary tract obstruction --- kidney injury --- neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- monocyte chemotactic protein-1 --- kidney injury molecule 1 --- cystatin C --- vanin-1 --- microRNA --- uromodulin --- kidney graft function --- biomarker --- kidney transplantation --- long noncoding RNA --- rejection --- microvascular injury --- urinary aminopeptidases --- arterial hypertension --- renal function --- urinary biomarkers --- markers of AKI --- cystatin-C --- NGAL --- KIM-1 --- exercise --- end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) --- cardiovascular disease --- epidemiology --- CKD --- macrophage subpopulation --- renal fibrosis --- trichostatin A --- kidney graft --- T-cell-mediated rejection --- antibody-mediated rejection --- diagnostic test accuracy --- gentamicin --- sepsis --- miRNA --- nephrotoxicity --- vancomycin --- n/a

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a diverse group of carbon-based molecules that are volatile at ambient temperatures and are emitted by an organism as a result of metabolic processes of cells and associated microbiome. The qualitative and quantitative profile of VOCs in biological fluids can vary depending on the physiological changes. Therefore, the pattern of volatile metabolites may reflect the presence of several diseases. This has been intensively investigated in the last few decades, resulting in an increasing number of studies focused on new volatile biomarker discovery.This reprint aimed to summarize the recent findings related to VOCs detected in various biological fluids such as breath, urine and feces for biomedical applications. The content covers various topics, including but not limited to biomedical/medical application of VOC analysis, biomarker discovery, and novel approaches for sampling and analyzing VOCs.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- liquid–liquid extraction --- volatile compounds --- urine --- method optimization --- GC-MS --- 1H-NMR --- iron deficiency anaemia --- iron supplementation --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- intestinal metabolome --- gut microbiome --- CDH --- microbiome --- VOCs --- spiroergometry --- outcome --- exhaled breath --- eNose --- smoking --- asthma --- COPD --- NTD-GC-MS --- breath --- lung cancer --- biomarkers --- volatile organic compounds --- urine analysis --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography --- kidney diseases --- urinary biomarkers --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- diagnosis --- headspace analysis --- untargeted analysis --- breath analysis --- cancer biomarkers --- volatolomics --- whole grain --- rye --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry --- dietary fiber --- e-nose --- electronic nose --- breathing rhythm --- mechanical ventilation --- anesthesia --- supplemental oxygen --- oxygen toxicity --- lipid peroxidation --- volatile aldehydes --- pentanal --- hexanal --- classification models --- dairy cows --- fecal headspace --- Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) --- paratuberculosis --- random forest --- stable air --- volatile organic compound (VOC) --- biomarker --- MCC–IMS --- ventilator-induced lung injury --- metabolome --- feces --- neonates --- fermentation --- protein --- carbohydrate --- short chain fatty acid --- metabolites --- volatile organic compound --- acute gastritis --- antibiotic treatment --- treatment dynamics: microbiota --- mid-infrared spectroscopy --- short-chain fatty acid --- alpha-keto acid --- Helicobacter pylori --- MOX sensors --- low sensing chamber volume --- calibration transfer --- standard samples --- piecewise direct standardization --- correlation alignment --- breath sampling --- pattern recognition