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Urbanization is simultaneously a major driver of development, wealth creation, and poverty reduction, as well as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. Urbanization can and should be embraced as an opportunity to reduce poverty. The building regulatory capacity assessment provides an important contribution to help cities and project managers working with development agencies to implement this last priority by offering a new resource to assess building and land use regulatory systems, and facilitate the collection of critical information about the building regulatory framework in any given city or country. The building regulatory capacity assessment is comprised of the level 1 - initial screening, designed for government officials and project managers undertaking rapid preliminary assessments. It provides an opportunity to initiate conversations with clients and relevant parties on strategies for achieving relevant development objectives. Level 1 is complemented by a level 2 - detailed exploration, which provides a set of guidelines for team members and contractors who are tasked with gathering and analyzing data and information about the building regulatory capacity of the target country, region, or municipality. As part of the Building regulation for resilience program supported by the global facility for disaster reduction and recovery, the authors hope that this assessment tool will offer an effective resource for interventions within a wide range of urban development initiatives in cities of low and middle-income countries.
Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Governance and Management
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Leading Cities is a global review of the state of city leadership and urban governance today. Drawing on research into 202 cities in 100 countries, the book provides a broad, international evidence base grounded in the experiences of all types of cities. It offers a scholarly but also practical assessment of how cities are led, what challenges their leaders face, and the ways in which this leadership is increasingly connected to global affairs.Arguing that effective leadership is not just something created by an individual, Elizabeth Rapoport, Michele Acuto and Leonora Grcheva focus on three elements of city leadership: leaders, the structures and institutions that underpin them, and the tools used to drive change. Each of these elements are examined in turn, as are the major urban policy issues that leaders confront today on the ground. The book also takes a deep dive into one particular example of tool or instrument of city leadership – the strategic urban plan.
City leadership --- urban governance --- global affairs --- urban leadership
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Local government --- Administration locale --- History --- Histoire --- Europe --- Urban Governance --- History --- Middle Ages-20th Century
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The intent of the two competitive cities case studies is to highlight what institutions and strategies successful cities have relied on to spur economic development, under what conditions such success has occurred, and what lessons of this experience might be applicable to decision makers in other cities. This research was prepared by the Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) under the auspices of the Social, Urban, Rural, and Resilience Global of the World Bank Group. Its objective is to create a knowledge base on what makes cities competitive, understand job creation at the city level, and capture the unique development experience of Japan for broad dissemination to development practitioners, government officials, academia and the private sector. The team would like to gratefully acknowledge the Government of Japan and its continued support of the Tokyo Development Learning Center (TDLC) program.
City Development Strategies --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Governance and Management --- Urban Housing
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Multifamily residential buildings in earthquake-prone cities across Central Europe, Balkans, and Central Asia have proved to be vulnerable and have revealed several structural deficiencies during previous earthquake events. Earthquakes in these regions have damaged certain types of multifamily buildings beyond repair or have caused complete collapse, resulting in extensive homelessness and many fatalities. The vulnerability of some of these buildings can be attributed to the mass-produced nature of multifamily residential buildings as well as lack of maintenance, oversight, and disinvestment over many decades. This study investigates earthquake risk of multifamily buildings constructed before 2000 across cities in countries within Europe and Central Asia (ECA) to better understand their behavior and potential losses when subjected to earthquakes, and to inform recommendations for mitigation.
Hazard Risk Management --- Urban Development --- Urban Environment --- Urban Governance and Management --- Urban Housing
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The Malawi Economic Monitor (MEM) provides an analysis of economic and structural development issues in Malawi. The aim of the publication is to foster better-informed policy analysis and debate regarding the key challenges that Malawi faces in its endeavor to achieve high rates of stable, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth. Malawi's economy is primarily based on agriculture and heavily reliant on its land resources to achieve social and economic development. The recently promulgated land acts have the potential to create multiple economic and social benefits for Malawi's citizens by improving investor confidence in the business environment, reducing the cost of documenting rights, supporting decentralization, improving land use planning, and protecting vulnerable groups' land rights and livelihoods. The effective implementation of these critical land reforms will ultimately facilitate the attainment of inclusive growth, boost productivity, and generate additional revenue for the government. The MEM consists of two parts: part one presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part two focuses on a special selected topic relevant to Malawi's development prospects.
Economic Growth --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Urban Development --- Urban Governance and Management --- Urban Housing
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The Colombian Government has made significant progress in the implementation of effective processes, practices, and methodologies for public investment management (PIM). A 2011 IMF-published report ranked Colombia among the top 5 countries with best PIM practices out of a sample of 71 low- and middle-income countries (Dabla-Norris and others, 2011). The report assessed the following 4 key features: (a) strategic guidance and project review, (b) project selection and budgeting, (c) project implementation, and (d) project evaluation and auditing. Colombia was deemed to have achieved a good performance on 3 out of the 4 key features. Nevertheless, the country's PIM system still faces the need for areas of improvement identified by the World Bank's PIM framework. This framework allows for identification of not only the presence of must-have features in PIM systems that are key to promoting effective and efficient public investment but also if those features are implemented in the field and if they have achieved their intended purpose. In the case of Colombia, the main challenges identified were related to the broad implementation of tools designed, particularly for management of public investment projects as well as with the fractioning of standards and practices, and the overemphasis placed on formal controls during the formulation and project implementation stages. In addition, the country PIM processes had weaknesses in terms of the review and ex post project evaluation. This document summarizes the main findings of a PIM study carried out in Colombia in 2015. The document includes an analytical framework for assessing public investment management and presents the assessment results as well as improvement recommendations to strengthen the institutional set-up to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of public investment in Colombia.
Governance --- National Governance --- Public Sector Development --- Urban Development --- Urban Governance and Management
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The government of Bulgaria requested the World Bank's support in assessing the housing and living conditions of marginalized communities in the Northwestern (NW) region of the country, with an explicit but not exclusive focus on the Roma population. The objective of this assessment was to support the government to develop a program by providing a baseline assessment of housing and living conditions of marginalized communities in three districts. The report presents the synthesized findings from these assessments (combining the various data sources) to identify policy bottlenecks and opportunities for two types of dwellers in the selected neighborhoods: 1) dwellers of marginalized housing units; and 2) dwellers of the government-subsidized social housing units.
Housing --- Municipal Housing and Land --- Urban Development --- Urban Governance and Management --- Urban Housing --- Urban Poverty
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Capital investment is essential for achieving sustainable cities. Melaka State's long-term sustainability can be improved through well-planned investments in various projects, such as the development of ports and rail connections, a robust public transportation network, and adequate flood prevention. All of these projects will require capital. Although financing provided by Malaysia's federal government is important, Melaka State's ability to shape its own investment priorities and accelerate the fiscal improvement process can be greatly enhanced by accessing market-based financing whether through long-term debt financing, public-private partnerships (PPPs), land value capture mechanisms, or a combination of these. Fiscal sustainability is the key to accessing adequate capital resources for Melaka State's investment projects indicated in the state structure plan. This supporting report reviews the fiscal sustainability of both Melaka State and one of its municipalities, Melaka City. The report concludes by offering several key recommendations that Melaka State and Melaka City could take in order to improve their fiscal sustainability.
City Development Strategies --- Debt --- Fiscal Sustainability --- Municipal Financial Management --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Governance and Management
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This paper illustrates how the capabilities of GIS and satellite imagery can be harnessed to explore and better understand the urban form of several large African cities (Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Kigali, Dar es Salaam, and Dakar). To allow for comparability across very diverse cities, this work looks at the above mentioned cities through the lens of several spatial indicators and relies heavily on data derived from satellite imagery. First, it focuses on understanding the distribution of population across the city, and more specifically how the variations in population density could be linked to transportation. Second, it takes a closer look at the land cover in each city using a semi-automated texture based land cover classification that identifies neighborhoods that appear more regular or irregularly planned. Lastly, for the higher resolution images, this work studies the changes in the land cover classes as one moves from the city core to the periphery. This work also explored the classification of slightly coarser resolution imagery which allowed analysis of a broader number of cities, sixteen, provided the lower cost.
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