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Les marches fonciers urbains et periurbains des villes d'Afrique de l'Ouest en expansion rapide operent dans des contextes ou coexistent des regimes fonciers differents et ou les procedures d'acces aux terrains sont complexes. Un cadre d'analyse faisant defaut jusqu'ici, ce livre propose une approche systemique et l'applique a la zone urbaine et periurbaine de Bamako et a son hinterland rural. La methode repose sur une analyse des differentes filieres d'approvisionnement en terres et identifie, depuis la mise en circulation des terres agricoles pour repondre aux besoins en terrains a usage residentiel, les changements de tenure et types de transactions qui accompagnent le passage aux terrains urbains, ainsi que les interactions entre les differentes filieres. L'analyse montre que l'approvisionnement en terre est a l'origine assuree par la filiere coutumiere, qui predomine dans les zones periurbaines, et par la filiere publique et parapublique ou l'Etat alloue des terrains a usage d'habitation aux individus ou les cede a des societes de promotion fonciere et immobilieres. Ces filieres alimentent la filiere privee formelle qui met ensuite sur le marche, a des prix eleves, des parcelles viabilisees avec titre de propriete. Les parcelles peuvent etre cedees successivement, avec un degre d'informalite qui depend de la tenure, de la legalite de la transaction et de son enregistrement. Alors que le developpement du marche formel est entrave par des facteurs structurels, le marche foncier informel offre peu de securite. Adapte aux revenus moyens et bas, le marche informel attire aussi les acheteurs aises et introduits aupres de l'administration et du pouvoir politique, et qui peuvent plus facilement obtenir une formalisation de la tenure. Prix des terrains et couts de transaction eleves, conflits fonciers, procedures de formalisation longues et complexes, et diversite des acteurs se combinent des lors pour entraver l'acces au foncier des pauvres en milieu urbain."

Access To Land --- French Translation --- Informal Settlements --- Land Administration --- Land Conflicts --- Land Delivery Channels --- Land Governance --- Land Markets --- Land Tenure Formalization --- Land Use Conversion --- Property Rights --- Urban Expansion

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Les changements d’occupation du sol ont des impacts importants sur la stabilité et le maintien des services écosystémiques. Pour cette raison, ce travail a pour objectif d’analyser les changements d’occupation du sol en Région wallonne et au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg et de prédire l’évolution de cette occupation à l’horizon 2100. L’occupation du sol est décrite par six classes formées à partir des données des cartes CORINE de 2000 à 2018. Les probabilités d’occurrence de chacune des classes sont calculées pour 2012 par régressions logistiques pas à pas, basées sur des facteurs topographiques, climatiques, pédologiques, socio-économiques et politiques. Cette calibration est effectuée à trois échelles spatiales distinctes (globale, nationale et régionale). Pour sélectionner le meilleur modèle, une validation est réalisée sur les prédictions pour 2018 selon les trois échelles. L’échelle spatiale la plus performante est l’échelle nationale. Celle-ci est donc utilisée pour prédire l’occupation du sol à l’horizon 2100 selon deux scénarios. Le premier, le scénario « business as usual », représente la continuité des changements entre 2012 et 2018. Le second scénario, « planification durable », prend en compte les mesures politiques de planification du sol, notamment pour atteindre la fin de l’artificialisation nette d’ici 2050. Changes in land cover have significant impacts on the stability and maintenance of ecosystem services. For this reason, this work aims to analyze land cover changes in the Walloon Region and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and to forecast the evolution of this land cover by 2100. Land cover is described by six classes derived from CORINE map data from 2000 to 2018. The probabilities of occurrence for each class are calculated for 2012 using stepwise logistic regressions based on topographical, climatic, pedological, socio-economic, and political factors. This calibration is performed at three distinct spatial scales (study-wide, national, and regional). To select the best model, validation is carried out on the predictions for 2018 according to the three scales. The most effective spatial scale is the national scale. This scale is therefore used to predict land cover by 2100 according to two scenarios. The first scenario, "business as usual", represents the continuation of changes between 2012 and 2018. The second scenario, "sustainable planning", considers political land cover planning measures, in particular those aimed at achieving an end to net artificialization by 2050.

Land cover --- Walloon Region --- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg --- CORINE --- Urban expansion --- Land take --- Logistic regression --- Occupation du sol --- Région wallonne --- Grand-Duché de Luxembourg --- CORINE --- Expansion urbaine --- Artificialisation --- Régression logistique --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Sciences de la terre & géographie physique

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For nearly four decades, China’s manufacturing boom has been powered by the labor of 287 million rural migrant workers, who travel seasonally between villages where they farm for subsistence and cities where they work. Yet recently local governments have moved away from manufacturing and toward urban expansion and construction as a development strategy. As a result, at least 88 million rural people to date have lost rights to village land. In Beneath the China Boom, Julia Chuang follows the trajectories of rural workers, who were once supported by a village welfare state and are now landless. This book provides a view of the undertow of China’s economic success, and the periodic crises—a rural fiscal crisis, a runaway urbanization—that it first created and now must resolve.

Urbanization --- Economic development --- Migrant labor --- Migration, Internal --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- China --- Rural conditions. --- Economic policy. --- china. --- chinas economic success and crises. --- chinas manufacturing boom. --- eighty eight million rural people. --- farm for subsistence. --- labor of migrant workers. --- lost rights to village land. --- moved away from manufacturing. --- once supported and now landless. --- runaway urbanization. --- rural fiscal crisis. --- trajectories of rural workers. --- travel seasonally between villages. --- urban expansion and construction. --- work in cities.

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Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.

Research & information: general --- big data applications --- data processing --- data visualization --- neural networks --- reduction --- coastal waters --- urban expansion --- remote sensing and GIS --- expansion types and rates --- major explanatory factors --- Miami metropolitan area --- cliff coastlines --- cliff retreat --- time-series analysis --- airborne laser scanner --- warm upwelling --- sea surface temperature --- numerical modelling --- winter --- southern Baltic Sea --- beach monitoring --- mobile terrestrial LiDAR --- intensity calibration --- beach surface moisture --- Baltic coast --- Poland --- CORINE Land Cover --- land cover flow --- urbanisation --- afforestation --- deforestation --- spatial analysis --- SDGs --- coastal habitats --- ecosystem monitoring --- land cover mapping --- random forest algorithm --- Sentinel-2 --- modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2-MSAVI2 --- normalized difference water index 2-NDWI2 --- brightness index 2-BI2 --- oil spill --- remote sensing --- review --- machine learning --- deep learning --- trajectory modeling --- vulnerability assessment --- coastal geomorphology --- shoreline change --- coastal process --- monitoring --- geomatic techniques --- Po River Delta --- archival multi-temporal data --- coastline changes --- emerged/submerged surfaces --- land subsidence --- relative sea level rise 2100 --- land cover --- dune coast --- air photograph --- South Baltic Sea --- coastal monitoring --- estuaries --- IoT --- lidar --- big data applications --- data processing --- data visualization --- neural networks --- reduction --- coastal waters --- urban expansion --- remote sensing and GIS --- expansion types and rates --- major explanatory factors --- Miami metropolitan area --- cliff coastlines --- cliff retreat --- time-series analysis --- airborne laser scanner --- warm upwelling --- sea surface temperature --- numerical modelling --- winter --- southern Baltic Sea --- beach monitoring --- mobile terrestrial LiDAR --- intensity calibration --- beach surface moisture --- Baltic coast --- Poland --- CORINE Land Cover --- land cover flow --- urbanisation --- afforestation --- deforestation --- spatial analysis --- SDGs --- coastal habitats --- ecosystem monitoring --- land cover mapping --- random forest algorithm --- Sentinel-2 --- modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2-MSAVI2 --- normalized difference water index 2-NDWI2 --- brightness index 2-BI2 --- oil spill --- remote sensing --- review --- machine learning --- deep learning --- trajectory modeling --- vulnerability assessment --- coastal geomorphology --- shoreline change --- coastal process --- monitoring --- geomatic techniques --- Po River Delta --- archival multi-temporal data --- coastline changes --- emerged/submerged surfaces --- land subsidence --- relative sea level rise 2100 --- land cover --- dune coast --- air photograph --- South Baltic Sea --- coastal monitoring --- estuaries --- IoT --- lidar

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Just as we learn from, influence, and are influenced by others, our social interactions drive economic growth in cities, regions, and nations--determining where households live, how children learn, and what cities and firms produce. From Neighborhoods to Nations synthesizes the recent economics of social interactions for anyone seeking to understand the contributions of this important area. Integrating theory and empirics, Yannis Ioannides explores theoretical and empirical tools that economists use to investigate social interactions, and he shows how a familiarity with these tools is essential for interpreting findings. The book makes work in the economics of social interactions accessible to other social scientists, including sociologists, political scientists, and urban planning and policy researchers. Focusing on individual and household location decisions in the presence of interactions, Ioannides shows how research on cities and neighborhoods can explain communities' composition and spatial form, as well as changes in productivity, industrial specialization, urban expansion, and national growth. The author examines how researchers address the challenge of separating personal, social, and cultural forces from economic ones. Ioannides provides a toolkit for the next generation of inquiry, and he argues that quantifying the impact of social interactions in specific contexts is essential for grasping their scope and use in informing policy. Revealing how empirical work on social interactions enriches our understanding of cities as engines of innovation and economic growth, From Neighborhoods to Nations carries ramifications throughout the social sciences and beyond.

Social integration --- Economics --- Economic sociology --- Socio-economics --- Socioeconomics --- Sociology of economics --- Inclusion, Social --- Integration, Social --- Social inclusion --- Sociological aspects. --- Social aspects --- Social interaction --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Economic aspects. --- Belonging (Social psychology) --- Economic aspects --- Sociological aspects --- E-books --- Social interaction - Economic aspects --- Economics - Sociological aspects --- AlonsoЍillsЍuth model. --- Duranton model. --- LucasВossi-Hansberg model. --- Thomas Schelling. --- Zipf's law. --- agglomeration. --- archipelago. --- autarkic cities. --- city geometry. --- city size distribution. --- city size. --- city. --- community choice. --- community. --- contextual effects. --- decisions. --- diversification. --- econometrics. --- economic geography. --- economic growth. --- economic integration. --- economics. --- empirics. --- firms. --- geography. --- graph theory. --- hierarchy principle. --- housing. --- human capital spillovers. --- industrial specialization. --- intercity trade. --- job matching. --- labor market frictions. --- localization. --- location decisions. --- microneighborhood. --- neighborhood choice. --- neighborhood effects. --- neighborhood. --- physical capital. --- physical space. --- productivity. --- racial preferences. --- risk pooling. --- site rents. --- social effects. --- social interactions. --- social learning. --- social networks. --- social structure. --- spatial aggregation. --- spatial clustering. --- spatial econometrics. --- spatial economic activity. --- spatial equilibrium. --- spatial interactions. --- spatial structure. --- synthetic neighborhood. --- total factor productivity. --- urban archipelago. --- urban economy. --- urban evolution. --- urban expansion. --- urban externalities. --- urban growth. --- urban infrastructure. --- urban networks. --- urban social fabric. --- urban spatial structure. --- urban specialization. --- urban structure. --- urban transition. --- urban transportation. --- urban wage premium. --- urbanization.