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In this research, I critically analyse the challenges that irregular migrants residing in Barcelona face in obtaining the work contract that is obligatory for the regularisation mechanism arraigo social. The arraigo social is set by Spanish national law, whereas some competencies are handed over to the region or the municipality. I argue that although cities take essential steps to improve the situations of irregular migrants on their territory compared with the national level and often grant forms of urban citizenship, there are still many challenges that irregular migrants face in getting regularised. Secondly, I argue that the requirement of a work contract and the mechanism arraigo social in general work as an instrument applied by the state to “silently exclude” individuals from citizenship without harming the self-image of the liberal state. This goes hand in hand with forms of deservingness, filtering the “good” from the “bad” migrant. I argue that on the national level, these dynamics are produced and then partially reproduced on the city level of Barcelona. The research design is a case study focusing on a snapshot of the experiences of irregular migrants in Barcelona. I collected empirical data through eight semi-structured interviews with (former) irregular migrants living in Barcelona. In this paper, I combine the literature on citizenship, irregularity, and multilevel migration governance, focusing on the concepts of deservingness and urban citizenship. I work out relevant results that can fill gaps in this body of literature, and guide NGOs, city governments and stakeholders in promoting regularisations. There is room for improvement toward more humane migration governance if we understand the main challenges for irregular migrants to get regularised and, in this case, to obtain a suitable work contract.

Urban citizenship --- Deservingness --- Irregular migration --- Regularisation --- Arraigo social --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Sociologie & sciences sociales

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Lisbon rising explores the role of a widespread urban social movement in the revolutionary process that accompanied Portugal's transition from authoritarianism to democracy. It is the first in-depth study of the widest urban movement of the European post-war period, an event that shook the balance of Cold War politics by threatening the possibility of revolution in Western Europe. Using hitherto unknown sources produced by movement organisations themselves, it challenges long-established views of civil society in Southern Europe as weak, arguing that popular movements had an important and auto

HISTORY / Europe / Spain & Portugal --- Social movements. --- Democratization. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE --- Democratization --- Social movements --- Movements, Social --- Social history --- Social psychology --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Political Ideologies --- Communism, Post-Communism & Socialism. --- History --- Portugal --- Portugal. --- al-Burtughāl --- al-Jumhūrīyah al-Burtughālīyah --- Burtughāl --- Jumhūrī-i Purtughāl --- Jumhūrīyah al-Burtughālīyah --- Lusitania (Portugal) --- Portekiz --- Portekiz Cumhuriyeti --- Portogalia --- Portogallo --- Portugál Köztársaság --- Portugali --- Portugalia --- Portugalii︠a︡ --- Portugalská republika --- Portugalʹskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Portugalsko --- Portugiesische Republik --- Portuguese Republic --- Porutogaru --- Porutogaru Kyōwakoku --- P'orŭt'ugal --- P'orŭt'ugal Konghwaguk --- Purtughāl --- Putaoya --- Putaoya Gongheguo --- Repubblica Portoghese --- Republica Portugheză --- República Portuguesa --- Republika Portugalska --- République portugaise --- Sefarad --- Португальская Республика --- Португалия --- פורטוגל --- البرتغال --- الجمهورية البرتغالية --- برتغال --- جمهوري پرتغال --- جمهورية البرتغالية --- پرتغال --- ポルトガル --- ポルトガル共和国 --- 葡萄牙 --- 葡萄牙共和国 --- 포르투갈 --- 포르투갈공화국 --- Portugalii͡ --- Portugalʹskai͡a Respublika --- Republica Portughez --- Carnation Revolution. --- Cold War politics. --- European post-war period. --- European twentieth century. --- Lisbon urban social movement. --- Popular Democratic Party. --- Portuguese Revolution. --- Socialist Party. --- ballot box. --- civilian parties. --- electoral legitimacy. --- imminent coups. --- liberal democracy. --- liberalisation. --- popular collective actors. --- popular mobilisation. --- popular movement. --- revolutionary legitimacy. --- urban citizenship.