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In 'Beyond Medicine', Paul V. Dutton provides a penetrating historical analysis of why countless studies show that Americans are far less healthy than their European counterparts. Dutton argues that Europeans are healthier than Americans because beginning in the late nineteenth century European nations began construction of health systems that focused not only on medical care but the broad social determinants of health: where and how we live, work, play, and age. European leaders also created social safety nets that became integral to national economic policy. In contrast, US leaders often viewed investments to improve the social determinants of health and safety-net programs as a competing priority to economic growth. 'Beyond Medicine' compares the US to three European social democracies - France, Germany, and Sweden.

Health --- Medical care --- Well-being --- Social aspects --- Political aspects --- History. --- universal health care, social democracy, France infant and child health, Germany social insurance worker health, comparative health systems, The social determinants of health.

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Nigeria's commitment to universal health coverage was enshrined by the passage of the National Health Act of 2014 in response to the continued underinvestment and poor performance of its health care system. Lack of data on available resources for health, the cost and use of health services, and the performance of front line providers has made it hard for the health sector to efficiently plan and advocate for additional investments in health. However, in the last 18 months, twoimportant sources of information were made available - the national health accounts (2010-2016) to look at resource allocation and spending decisions at the national level, and, a national health facility survey (2016) to assess the performance of service delivery at primary health care facilities. As such, while based on comprehensive analytics, this health financing system assessment was envisioned as a just-in-time policy brief on the health financing system that would provide actionable policy recommendations to the Ministries of Health, Budget and Planning, and the Vice President's office.

Health Economics and Finance --- Health Finance --- Health Service Management and Delivery --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Public Sector Development --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Universal Health Care

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In the era of precision medicine, the use of molecularly targeted therapies in selected patients has led to a paradigm change in cancer treatment. Multiple studies have demonstrated the benefits of therapies that are chosen based on the molecular profile of the tumor and also from the liquid biopsy. With genomics' increasing ability, a routine transcriptomics analysis of advanced/metastatic cancers is now feasible in most cancer hospitals, including community cancer centers. This is an unprecedented shift in the management of cancers irrespective of their organ types, which not only improved the outcome but also opened several new avenues in research and practice, such as immune-check-point inhibitors, tumor-TME co-evolution in the development of resistance, longitudinal liquid biopsies, biomarkers screening and the management of electronic medical records.This book brings together these crucial areas of investigation. The research presented here attempts to address the current issues to provoke thoughts for the future. The future of precision medicine will have to embrace a shift from in vitro, in vivo/PDX models for the mechanistic study to a more functional test based on the scientific interrogation of genomic data, in the form of functional precision medicine. We will also have to combat the element of noise in the multitudes of data and impart the regulatory structure to make judicious use of the data. The expectations for functional precision medicine are high. We aspire to witness a tremendous improvement in patient outcomes, from better to best, down the road that will match the clinical guidelines.

Medicine --- Oncology --- pediatric tumors --- tumor mutational burden --- TMB --- whole-exome sequencing --- gene panel sequencing --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- glioblastoma prognosis --- overall survival --- extent of resection --- random forest --- Decision tree --- personalized precision oncology --- circulating free DNA --- liquid biopsy --- epidermal growth factor receptor --- tyrosine kinase inhibitor --- osimertinib --- comprehensive genomic profiling --- molecular genotyping --- intratumor heterogeneity --- multiple biopsies --- tumor evolution --- clonality classification --- strategic therapeutic intervention --- thymoma --- driver mutation --- sequencing --- molecular barcoding --- EGFR mutation --- EGFR-TKI --- cfDNA --- NGS --- digital enrichment --- next-generation sequencing --- solid cancer --- universal health-care system --- precision medicine --- presumed germline findings --- clinical guideline --- non-small cell lung cancer --- outcome --- adjuvant chemotherapy --- anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase --- HNSCC --- ctDNA --- tDNA --- DDR genes --- PARP inhibitors --- new drug development --- next-generation sequencing (NGS) --- open data --- regulatory reform --- tumor profiling test --- triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) --- breast cancer --- targeted therapy --- TNBC subtypes --- immunotherapy --- cancer --- screening --- smoking --- electronic records --- PD-L1 --- cancer-associated fibroblasts --- resistance --- chemotherapy --- CTC --- immunocytochemistry --- parallel double-detection --- laboratory-friendly --- n/a

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In the era of precision medicine, the use of molecularly targeted therapies in selected patients has led to a paradigm change in cancer treatment. Multiple studies have demonstrated the benefits of therapies that are chosen based on the molecular profile of the tumor and also from the liquid biopsy. With genomics' increasing ability, a routine transcriptomics analysis of advanced/metastatic cancers is now feasible in most cancer hospitals, including community cancer centers. This is an unprecedented shift in the management of cancers irrespective of their organ types, which not only improved the outcome but also opened several new avenues in research and practice, such as immune-check-point inhibitors, tumor-TME co-evolution in the development of resistance, longitudinal liquid biopsies, biomarkers screening and the management of electronic medical records.This book brings together these crucial areas of investigation. The research presented here attempts to address the current issues to provoke thoughts for the future. The future of precision medicine will have to embrace a shift from in vitro, in vivo/PDX models for the mechanistic study to a more functional test based on the scientific interrogation of genomic data, in the form of functional precision medicine. We will also have to combat the element of noise in the multitudes of data and impart the regulatory structure to make judicious use of the data. The expectations for functional precision medicine are high. We aspire to witness a tremendous improvement in patient outcomes, from better to best, down the road that will match the clinical guidelines.

Medicine --- Oncology --- pediatric tumors --- tumor mutational burden --- TMB --- whole-exome sequencing --- gene panel sequencing --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- glioblastoma prognosis --- overall survival --- extent of resection --- random forest --- Decision tree --- personalized precision oncology --- circulating free DNA --- liquid biopsy --- epidermal growth factor receptor --- tyrosine kinase inhibitor --- osimertinib --- comprehensive genomic profiling --- molecular genotyping --- intratumor heterogeneity --- multiple biopsies --- tumor evolution --- clonality classification --- strategic therapeutic intervention --- thymoma --- driver mutation --- sequencing --- molecular barcoding --- EGFR mutation --- EGFR-TKI --- cfDNA --- NGS --- digital enrichment --- next-generation sequencing --- solid cancer --- universal health-care system --- precision medicine --- presumed germline findings --- clinical guideline --- non-small cell lung cancer --- outcome --- adjuvant chemotherapy --- anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase --- HNSCC --- ctDNA --- tDNA --- DDR genes --- PARP inhibitors --- new drug development --- next-generation sequencing (NGS) --- open data --- regulatory reform --- tumor profiling test --- triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) --- breast cancer --- targeted therapy --- TNBC subtypes --- immunotherapy --- cancer --- screening --- smoking --- electronic records --- PD-L1 --- cancer-associated fibroblasts --- resistance --- chemotherapy --- CTC --- immunocytochemistry --- parallel double-detection --- laboratory-friendly

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"An excellent, balanced study of the Cuban health system, based on good data, interviews, and the author's recognized expertise on the subject. Good study of how resources can improve public health, while at the same time acknowledging the difficulties that stem from a planned economy. Overall, a very good analysis, particularly of how the health system of the 1990s is increasingly inadequate"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57. |u http://www.loc.gov/hlas/.

Medical policy --- Medical care --- Medical assistance, Cuban --- Symbolism in politics --- Delivery of Health Care --- Medical Assistance --- Health Policy --- Symbolism --- Politics --- Patient Care Management --- Public Policy --- Philosophy --- Social Sciences --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- History --- Public Assistance --- Humanities --- Social Control Policies --- Financing, Government --- Health Services Administration --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Policy --- Financing, Organized --- Social Control, Formal --- Sociology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Economics --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- General Social Development and Population --- Government Financing --- Federal Aid --- Financing, Public --- Grants and Subsidies, Government --- Hill-Burton Act --- Subsidies, Government --- Act, Hill-Burton --- Aid, Federal --- Aids, Federal --- Federal Aids --- Government Subsidies --- Government Subsidy --- Hill Burton Act --- Public Financing --- Subsidy, Government --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Assistance, Public --- Community Financing --- Grants --- Organized Financing --- Financing, Community --- Grant --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Policies --- Affirmative Action --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Action, Affirmative --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Policy Making --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Dissent and Disputes --- Symbolism (Psychology) --- Symbolisms --- Symbolisms (Psychology) --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Healthcare Policy --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policy, National --- Healthcare Policies --- National Health Policies --- Policy, Health --- Policy, Healthcare --- Policy, National Health --- Assistance, Medical --- Symbolic politics --- Political science --- Cuban medical assistance --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Public health --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Political aspects --- organization & administration --- Government policy --- Health Care Policies --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Policies, Health --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health Care --- Political aspects. --- 20th century cuban history. --- 20th century cuban politics. --- biomedical research. --- biotechnology. --- castro. --- communism. --- cuba. --- cuban health care system. --- disaster relief. --- fidel castro. --- government and governing. --- health care. --- health education. --- health. --- latin american history. --- medical care. --- medical diplomacy. --- medical pharmaceutical exports. --- policy studies. --- political views. --- public health professionals. --- public health system. --- revolution. --- social policy. --- universal health care. --- world medical power. --- world medicine.