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Guerrilla insurgencies continue to rage across the globe, fueled by ethnic and religious conflict and the easy availability of weapons. Reflecting the massive global movement of population from the countryside to cities, guerrilla conflict in urban areas, similar to the current violence in Iraq, will become more frequent. In his wide-ranging and richly detailed comparative analysis, Anthony James Joes examines eight key examples of urban guerrilla conflict across half a century and four continents: Warsaw in 1944, Budapest in 1956, Algiers in 1957, Montevideo and Sao Paulo in the 1960's, Sai
Guerrilla warfare --- Unconventional warfare --- Insurgency --- War --- Irregular warfare --- History
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Analyzes guerrilla struggles across five continents, profiles important figures, and gives extensive bibliographical information.
Guerrilla warfare --- Unconventional warfare --- Insurgency --- War --- Irregular warfare --- History. --- Guerrillas --- Bibliography.
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The development of clean and low-carbon energy is undoubtedly imperative in the coming decades worldwide. This book focuses on a series of advanced research on geological and geochemical characterization, as well as on the exploration, development, and utilization of coal and coal-related resources, especially critical metals together with unconventional gases in coal and coal-bearing sequences, which are of great significance to achieving carbon neutrality.
Research & information: general --- Physics --- Coal --- Critical metals --- Unconventional resources --- Geological origin
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Against the background of continued growth disappointments, depressed inflation expectations, and declining real equilibrium interest rates, a number of central banks have implemented negative interest rate policies (NIRP) to provide additional monetary policy stimulus over the past few years. This paper studies the sources and implications of NIRP. It reports four main results. First, monetary transmission channels under NIRP are conceptually analogous to those under conventional monetary policy but NIRP present complications that could limit policy effectiveness. Second, since the introduction of NIRP, many of the key financial variables have evolved broadly as implied by the standard transmission channels. Third, NIRP could pose risks to financial stability, particularly if policy rates are substantially below zero or if NIRP are employed for a protracted period of time. Potential adverse consequences include the erosion of profitability of banks and other financial intermediaries, and excessive risk taking. However, there has so far been no significant evidence that financial stability has been compromised because of NIRP. Fourth, spillover implications of NIRP for emerging market and developing economies are mostly similar to those of other unconventional monetary policy measures. In sum, NIRP have a place in a policy maker's toolkit but, given their domestic and global implications, these policies need to be handled with care to secure their benefits while mitigating risks.
Bank Profitability --- Industry --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Quantitative Easing --- Unconventional Monetary Policy
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Social movements --- Guerrilla warfare --- Movimiento social. --- Conflicto armado. --- Unconventional warfare --- Insurgency --- War --- Irregular warfare --- Latin America --- Social conditions
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This book provides both a historical introduction and a comparative analysis of the five most important guerrilla movements in the Caribbean Basin between 1959 and the 1990s, including Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, and Puerto Rico. The authors argue that the Cold War shaped and fueled the structure, tactics, and ideologies of the diverse movements taking place for the revolutionary cause, and address the particular impact that the Cuban Revolution had on the region. The first chapter of Caribbean Revolutions provides an introduction to the Cuban Revolution, the Cold War, and Marxist thought. Succeeding chapters analyze each case study individually and also provide discussions on the current political situation for all of the organizations covered in the book that remain active. With lists of suggested reading and extra resources in each chapter, this is written as an accessible course book for students of Latin American history and politics.
Guerrilla warfare --- Cold War. --- World politics --- Unconventional warfare --- Insurgency --- War --- Irregular warfare --- History --- Caribbean Area --- Politics and government
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the unconventional monetary policies introduced by the European Central Bank (ECB) after the 2008 financial crisis and to study their impact on interest rates in the euro area. First, we present the conventional and unconventional monetary policies undertaken by the ECB and their transmission channels. The rest of this thesis is dedicated to analyzing the impact of the unconventional monetary policies on interest rates in Europe and two transmission channels through which they operate: the signaling channel and the portfolio-rebalance channel. To do so, we use an event-study methodology focusing on the immediate changes in euro area government bond (EAGB) yields over a 2-day interval around the ECB’s announcements in order to capture the market’s direct reaction to the news released. We then take the cumulative changes over all the relevant events as a measure of the overall effects of the announcements on interest rates. Our results suggest that unconventional monetary policies decline EAGB yields at all maturities and on average by about 41 basis points. The decomposition of interest rate responses shows that market expectation about future short rates, as proxied by the IRS rates, rises across all maturities, while term premiums, as reflected by the spreads between EAGB yields and their corresponding IRS rates, fall at all maturities. It appears that ECB’s unconventional monetary policies are useful in reducing the term premium of interest rates through the portfolio rebalance channel, but the fall in term premium is largely offset by the rise in market expectation about future short rates. Therefore, the portfolio rebalance channel is dominant in the programs conducted by the ECB, while the signaling channel seems to be less obvious.
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Unlike bacteria and viruses, which are based on DNA and RNA, prions are unique as disease-causing agents since they are misfolded proteins. Prion diseases are called "protein structural conformational” diseases. This monograph is the book on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations nearly for all the known normal prion protein (PrPC) PDB entries in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and associations. Pig is a species that is largely resistant to prions, and chicken, turtles, frogs are species resisting prion infection too; firstly, this book will address all PrP strong immunity species (such as rabbits, dogs, horses, water buffaloes, pigs, chicken, turtles, frogs), compared with high susceptibility species. Other PrP models and doppel models are also MD studied in this book. Secondly, all the mutants of mouse PrP and human PrP are well studied by this book. Mouse mutations in the β2-α2 loop and the C-terminal will bring clear structures with highly and clearly ordered loop structures. Human mutations will cause prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases (CJDs), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome, fatal familial insomnia (FFI), etc. Deep MD analyses of mouse and human mutants are done in this book. Thirdly, PrP binding with antibodies/compounds etc. is well MD studied in this book. The informatics of potential antiprion drugs known will be revealed. Lastly, cross-β structure PrP peptides are well studied. This book is ideal for practical computing staff in the fields of computational physics, computational biology, computational chemistry, biomedicine, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, materials, applied mathematics and theoretical physics, information technology, operations research, biostatistics, etc. As an accessible introduction to these fields, this book is also ideal as a teaching material for students.
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International authorities here investigate research into the prion diseases which include Scrapie of sheep, BSE the ""Mad Cow"" disease, and CJD one of the human diseases. The role of metals in these diseases has become of great importance, linking it with some of the changes in Alzheimer's disease. The book focuses on metabolism of copper and manganese which are found in these diseases. It stems from proceedings of the international workshop at Christ's College, Cambridge University in 2001. After an introduction on the history of research into the diseases, there are discussions on the effec
Prion diseases. --- Copper --- Metabolism. --- Copper metabolism --- Copper in the body --- Encephalopathies, Spongiform --- Prion infections --- Spongiform encephalopathies --- Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies --- Unconventional slow virus diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Slow virus diseases
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