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Attosecond light source, attosecond physics, ultrafast laser and application, ultrafast imaging, ultrafast spectroscopy, ultrafast diagnosis, ultrafast materials and detector, ultrafast terahertz photonics, ultrafast electronics, ultrafast chemical physics and other ultrafast phenomena.

Photonics --- Physics --- Photonics. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- New optics --- Optics --- attosecond physics --- ultrafast phenomena --- ultrafast optics --- photonics --- chemical physics --- spectroscopy

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Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Physics --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Spectrum analysis --- Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Plasmas --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials --- Laser Technology and Physics, Photonics --- Optical Spectroscopy, Ultrafast Optics --- Solid State Physics and Spectroscopy --- Laser spectroscopy. --- Laser spectroscopy

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Atomic processes in plasmas and gases encompass broad areas in theoretical, experimental, atomic and molecular physics. One example is atomic processes that are involved in the study of various plasmas over a wide range of electron densities and temperatures. The topics in this area covered in the present book include magnetic fusion plasmas, laser-produced plasmas, as well as plasma spectroscopy for all of the above applications. Another example is atomic and molecular processes in neutral gases. Rydberg polar molecules in particular are covered in this book.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- generalized Hamiltonian dynamics --- spherical harmonic oscillator --- classical non-radiating stationary states --- algebraic symmetry of classical systems --- polar molecule --- Rydberg electron --- classical motion --- periodic orbits --- quantum linear oscillator --- chirped laser pulse --- photoexcitation --- laser–plasma interactions --- plasma dynamics and flow --- hypersonic flows --- optical emission spectroscopy --- hydrogen --- cyanide --- Abel inversion --- astrophysics --- white dwarf stars --- charge exchange --- cross section --- tokamak plasmas --- spectroscopy --- plasma spectroscopy --- polarization --- Lyman-alpha --- nuclear fusion --- space-time couplings --- spatiotemporal --- ultrafast optics --- unipolar pulses --- few cycle pulses --- n/a --- laser-plasma interactions

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This Special Issue celebrates the opening of a new section of the journal Foundation: Physical Sciences. Theoretical and experimental studies related to various areas of fundamental physics are presented in this Special Issue. The published papers are related to the following topics: dark matter, electron impact excitation, second flavor of hydrogen atoms, quantum antenna, molecular hydrogen, molecular hydrogen ion, wave pulses, Brans-Dicke theory, hydrogen Rydberg atom, high-frequency laser field, relativistic mean field formalism, nonlocal continuum field theories, parallel universe, charge exchange, van der Waals broadening, greenhouse effect, strange and unipolar electromagnetic pulses, quasicrystals, Wilhelm-Weber’s electromagnetic force law, axions, photoluminescence, neutron stars, gravitational waves, diatomic molecular spectroscopy, information geometric measures of complexity. Among 21 papers published in this Special Issue, there are 5 reviews and 16 original research papers.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- information geometry --- complexity --- classical and quantum physics --- self-simulation hypothesis --- principle of efficient language --- quasicrystals --- empires --- game of life --- emergence --- state sum models --- space–time couplings --- spatiotemporal --- ultrafast optics --- unipolar pulses --- few cycle pulses --- line-by-line --- greenhouse effect --- radiative fluxes --- thermal emission --- spectroscopy --- stark broadening --- atomic physics --- foundations of quantum mechanics --- molecular spectroscopy --- diatomic molecules --- symmetry transformations --- optical emission spectroscopy --- astrophysics --- neutron stars --- nuclear equation of state --- gravitational waves --- speed of sound --- tidal polarizability --- charge exchange --- second flavor of hydrogen atoms --- dark matter --- stark effect --- parallel universes --- multiverse --- preferred direction in the universe --- bulk flow --- four spatial dimensions --- nonlocal metamaterials --- multiscale structures --- fiber bundles --- superspace --- mathematical methods --- mathematical physics --- nonlocal continuum field theory --- semiconductor materials --- preformed cluster decay --- relativistic mean-field --- alpha-particle clustering --- neck-length --- hydrogenic atoms --- high-frequency laser field --- relativistic precession --- laser-controlled precession --- cosmological constant --- generalised Brans-Dicke theory --- Big Rip --- photoluminescence --- dispersive media --- axion --- space-time couplings --- bipolar pulses --- few-cycle pulses --- free-space wave equation --- space-time wave packets --- nondiffracting localized waves --- molecular hydrogen ion --- proton collisions --- molecular spectral bands --- quantum antennas --- quantum field theory --- relativistic quantum mechanics --- quantum radiation --- propagator --- Green’s function --- quantum engineering --- quantum technologies --- radiation pattern --- electron impact excitation of hydrogen atoms --- discrepancy between theories and experiments --- electron impact excitation of hydrogen molecules --- quantum mechanics --- particle–wave duality --- quantum jump --- quantum entanglement --- Weber’s electrodynamics --- Weber force --- field theory --- electromagnetism --- electrodynamics --- physics of elementary particles and fields --- magnetic field --- electric field --- electrical engineering --- fundamental physics