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Marine power systems have been designed to be a safer alternative to stationary plants in order to adhere to the regulations of classification societies. Marine steam boilers recently achieved 10 MPa pressure, in comparison to stationary plants, where a typical boiler pressure of 17 MPa was the standard for years. The latest land-based, ultra-supercritical steam boilers reach 25 MPa pressure and 620 °C temperatures, which increases plant efficiency and reduces fuel consumption. There is little chance that such a plant concept could be applied to ships. The reliability of marine power systems has to be higher due to the lack of available spare parts and services that are available for shore power systems. Some systems are still very expensive and are not able to be widely utilized for commercial merchant fleets such as COGAS, mainly due to the high cost of gas turbines. Submarine vehicles are also part of marine power systems, which have to be reliable and accurate in their operation due to their distant control centers. Materials that are used in marine environments are prone to faster corrosive wear, so special care also should be taken in this regard. The main aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the options and possibilities of utilizing energy in a more economical way, taking into account the reliability of such a system in operation.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- atmospheric drain tank --- energy analysis --- exergy analysis --- optimization --- marine propulsion --- propulsion failure --- propulsion failure analysis --- mechanical failure --- LNG tanker --- combined cycle --- propulsion main engine --- marine diesel engine --- split injection --- fuel consumption --- NOx emissions --- exergy destruction --- exergy efficiency --- marine steam turbine --- MLP neural network --- turbine cylinders --- reliability --- fault tree analysis --- failure diagnosis --- diesel engine turbocharger --- maintenance --- underwater vehicle --- isolation --- flexible foundation --- vibration mitigation --- CODLAG --- data-driven modelling --- genetic programming --- decay state coefficients --- submarine cable --- hydraulic jet --- jet parameter --- operation efficiency --- trigeneration energy system --- cogeneration --- absorption cooling --- heating and cooling output --- n/a

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This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

History of engineering & technology --- homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics --- homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics

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This Special Issue, consisting of 14 papers, presents the latest findings concerning both numerical and experimental investigations. Their aim is to achieve a reduction in pollutant emissions, as well as an improvement in fuel economy and performance, for internal combustion engines. This will provide readers with a comprehensive, unbiased, and scientifically sound overview of the most recent research and technological developments in this field. More specific topics include: 3D CFD detailed analysis of the fuel injection, combustion and exhaust aftertreatments processes, 1D and 0D, semi-empirical, neural network-based control-oriented models, experimental analysis and the optimization of both conventional and innovative combustion processes.

homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) --- dual-fuel --- dimethyl ether (DME) --- exhaust emission --- co-combustion --- dual fuel --- combustion stability --- coefficient of variation of IMEP --- probability density of IMEP --- 0D model --- predictive model --- tumble --- turbulent intensity --- spark-ignition engine --- engine geometry --- AdBlue® injection --- large eddy simulation --- Eulerian–Lagrangian approach --- thermal decomposition --- wall–film formation --- conversion efficiency --- hybrid electric vehicle --- real driving emissions --- fuel consumption --- vehicle performance --- electric supercharger --- Lambda-1 engine --- 48 V Mild Hybrid --- electrically assisted turbocharger --- variable geometry turbocharger-exhaust gas recirculation --- oxygen concentration --- active disturbance rejection control --- model-based --- control --- diesel engine --- ANN --- physics-based model --- semi-empirical model --- CNG --- diesel fuel --- dual fuel engine --- rate of heat release --- ignition delay --- burn duration --- exhaust gas emission --- camless --- electromagnetic variable valve train --- magnetorheological buffer --- soft landing --- solenoid injectors --- indirect-acting piezoelectric injectors --- direct-acting piezoelectric injectors --- engine-out emissions --- combustion noise --- diesel engines --- pollutant emission reduction --- mixing process --- advanced injection strategy --- varying injection rate --- engine torque estimation --- GDI engines --- extended state observer --- online performance --- torque --- nitrogen oxide emissions --- model-based control --- engines --- numerical simulation --- pollutant emissions prediction --- computational fluid dynamics

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Today, there is a great deal of attention focused on sustainable growth worldwide. The increase in efficiency in the use of energy may even, in this historical moment, bring greater benefit than the use of renewable energies. Electricity appears to be the most sustainable of energies and the most promising hope for a planet capable of growing without compromising its own health and that of its inhabitants. Power electronics and electrical drives are the key technologies that will allow energy savings through the reduction of energy losses in many applications. This Special Issue has collected several scientific contributions related to energy efficiency in electrical equipment. Some articles are dedicated to the use and optimization of permanent magnet motors, which allow obtaining the highest level of efficiency. Most of the contributions describe the energy improvements that can be achieved with power electronics and the use of suitable control techniques. Last but not least, some articles describe interesting solutions for hybrid vehicles, which were created mainly to save energy in the smartest way possible.

LLC resonant converter --- resonant transformer --- fringing effect --- adjustable magnetizing inductance --- efficiency --- optimal design --- oil pump --- brushless DC --- motor --- robust --- vehicles --- eddy current coupling --- hybrid excited --- magnetic equivalent circuit --- magnetic field analysis --- torque-slip characteristic --- switched inductor capacitor converter --- a power converter --- energy transfer media --- ripple voltage --- conduction loss --- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) --- series architecture --- supercapacitor --- Energy Management System (EMS) --- storage sizing --- energy efficiency --- backlight --- DC-DC converter --- passive snubber --- voltage stress --- maximum-torque-per-ampere (MTPA) --- torque control --- per unit --- IPMSM --- SiC devices --- Si devices --- three level NPC inverter --- three level T-NPC inverter --- two level SiC MOSFET inverter --- overvoltages --- heat sink volume --- motor emulator --- power loss --- current tracking --- finite set model predictive control --- medium frequency transformer --- power electronic transformer --- Solid State Transformer (SST) --- railway electric traction --- Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) --- soft-switching --- DC–DC converter --- multi-input converter --- battery --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), efficiency --- permanent magnet motor --- synchronous motor --- brushless drive --- industrial application --- turbocompound --- turbocharger --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) --- fuel economy

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• Reference Manager
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Today, there is a great deal of attention focused on sustainable growth worldwide. The increase in efficiency in the use of energy may even, in this historical moment, bring greater benefit than the use of renewable energies. Electricity appears to be the most sustainable of energies and the most promising hope for a planet capable of growing without compromising its own health and that of its inhabitants. Power electronics and electrical drives are the key technologies that will allow energy savings through the reduction of energy losses in many applications. This Special Issue has collected several scientific contributions related to energy efficiency in electrical equipment. Some articles are dedicated to the use and optimization of permanent magnet motors, which allow obtaining the highest level of efficiency. Most of the contributions describe the energy improvements that can be achieved with power electronics and the use of suitable control techniques. Last but not least, some articles describe interesting solutions for hybrid vehicles, which were created mainly to save energy in the smartest way possible.

History of engineering & technology --- LLC resonant converter --- resonant transformer --- fringing effect --- adjustable magnetizing inductance --- efficiency --- optimal design --- oil pump --- brushless DC --- motor --- robust --- vehicles --- eddy current coupling --- hybrid excited --- magnetic equivalent circuit --- magnetic field analysis --- torque-slip characteristic --- switched inductor capacitor converter --- a power converter --- energy transfer media --- ripple voltage --- conduction loss --- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) --- series architecture --- supercapacitor --- Energy Management System (EMS) --- storage sizing --- energy efficiency --- backlight --- DC-DC converter --- passive snubber --- voltage stress --- maximum-torque-per-ampere (MTPA) --- torque control --- per unit --- IPMSM --- SiC devices --- Si devices --- three level NPC inverter --- three level T-NPC inverter --- two level SiC MOSFET inverter --- overvoltages --- heat sink volume --- motor emulator --- power loss --- current tracking --- finite set model predictive control --- medium frequency transformer --- power electronic transformer --- Solid State Transformer (SST) --- railway electric traction --- Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) --- soft-switching --- DC–DC converter --- multi-input converter --- battery --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), efficiency --- permanent magnet motor --- synchronous motor --- brushless drive --- industrial application --- turbocompound --- turbocharger --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) --- fuel economy --- LLC resonant converter --- resonant transformer --- fringing effect --- adjustable magnetizing inductance --- efficiency --- optimal design --- oil pump --- brushless DC --- motor --- robust --- vehicles --- eddy current coupling --- hybrid excited --- magnetic equivalent circuit --- magnetic field analysis --- torque-slip characteristic --- switched inductor capacitor converter --- a power converter --- energy transfer media --- ripple voltage --- conduction loss --- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) --- series architecture --- supercapacitor --- Energy Management System (EMS) --- storage sizing --- energy efficiency --- backlight --- DC-DC converter --- passive snubber --- voltage stress --- maximum-torque-per-ampere (MTPA) --- torque control --- per unit --- IPMSM --- SiC devices --- Si devices --- three level NPC inverter --- three level T-NPC inverter --- two level SiC MOSFET inverter --- overvoltages --- heat sink volume --- motor emulator --- power loss --- current tracking --- finite set model predictive control --- medium frequency transformer --- power electronic transformer --- Solid State Transformer (SST) --- railway electric traction --- Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) --- soft-switching --- DC–DC converter --- multi-input converter --- battery --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), efficiency --- permanent magnet motor --- synchronous motor --- brushless drive --- industrial application --- turbocompound --- turbocharger --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) --- fuel economy