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"Tropical dry forests (TDFs) constitute one of the most dominant forests, accounting for approximately 45% of all tropical forests. These forests are distributed over an extensive geographical range, spanning large areas of Africa, Latin America, and the Asia Pacific. TDFs occur in severe and extremely variable climate characterized by low annual rainfall and 5-6 months of the dry period within the annual cycle, and nutrient-poor soil. Due to extreme drought conditions, TDFs exhibit deciduousness and various other adaptative features (viz., fire resistance, desiccation tolerance, herbivore defence, high root:shoot ratio, longer seed viability) to establish in the severe environmental conditions, which makes these forests exceptionally critical. These forests are one of the most productive with high biodiversity, but unfortunately, due to persistent anthropogenic pressures in terms of burning, mining, indiscriminate forest cutting, lopping, and increased extraction of non-wood forest products, these forest communities have become one of the most endangered ecosystems. Disturbances in TDFs have resulted in fragmentation and ecosystem conversion, and therefore, these forests exhibit changes in their biomass and productivity. Anthropogenic pressure is rapidly becoming a growing concern globally due to its negative impacts on the structure and composition of the vegetation. In addition, due to their higher net primary productivity, these forests have a considerable effect on the global carbon cycle. Uncontrolled harvesting for gaining temporal benefits is a major cause of forest destruction and deforestation which may lead to major loss. Deforestation and clearing of forests have resulted in soil erosion, soil degradation and loss of biodiversity, socio-economic damages to food components, water and health, as well as the loss of people's cultural ethnicity. In order to assess the conservation status of TDFs, information is required on its distribution pattern, climate, structural and functional traits of the vegetation, phenology, strategies against drought, nutrient deficiency, and disturbances. This book discusses various issues, obstacles and opportunities for protection, regeneration and management of TDFs worldwide, as well as information gaps in the areas referred to above, which may be of critical significance in adapting and mitigating responses to the current climate change scenario. The book is intended to help in collection of detailed knowledge and to address the concerns from environmental scientists, forestry experts, planners, policymakers and the general public. Starting with a description of plant composition of worldwide TDFs, the book evaluates plant diversity, biomass dynamics, carbon storage, late history and current status of anthropogenic disturbances, distribution pattern of lichen communities, relevance of tree crown architecture, effects of forestry management practices, degradation and traditional land-use practices, impact of changing environment on carbon dynamics, estimating ecosystem services using a geospatial approach, productivity and carbon accumulation, habitat heterogeneity and its impact on organic matter, nutrient pool and nitrogen mineralization, phosphorus and litter decomposability traits. For re-development of TDFs, the book describes improved low-input tree establishment methods, impact of drought and plant mechanisms to mitigate drought stress, importance of serotiny related to delayed seed dispersal, and foraging efficiency of fine roots in relation to carbon dynamics in a changing environment"--

Tropical dry forests. --- Deforestation.

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Tropical dry forests --- Epiphytes --- Botany --- Forêts tropophiles --- Épiphytes --- Botany. --- Epiphytes. --- Tropical dry forests.

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MAA Malagasy Archipelago --- Madagascar --- ecology --- economic botany --- tropical dry forests

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Forest management --- Conifers --- Tropical dry forests --- Spotted owl --- Habitat --- Conservation --- Management. --- Conservation --- Management. --- Habitat --- Conservation --- Management.

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Andean dry forest ecosystems are threatened by deforestation and unsustainable land use methods. The negative effects for the livelihood of the local population, biodiversity, and the regional climate could be countered by reforestation measures; however, dry land forests have not attracted the same level of interest and investment like other ecosystems. This book describes the development of a priority-zone map for reforestation measures, showing where reforestation might have the greatest social and ecological benefits. To achieve this, a problem analysis of a case study region is conducted and thematic reforestation benefits are determined. Using remote sensing and GIS, the areas where benefits can be obtained are mapped in individual layers and compiled into a summarizing priority-zone map. It is thus possible to identify areas where reforestation would achieve multiple benefits. The concept of priority maps could be used to facilitate reforestation strategies by local communities and municipal governments and could thus contribute to initiate an integrated forest and landscape restoration of the Bolivian montane dry forests.

Reforestation. --- Tropical dry forests. --- Bolivia. --- Dry forests --- Dry tropical forests --- Monsoon forests --- Monsoonal forests --- Tropical deciduous forests --- Tropical dry deciduous forests --- Forests and forestry --- Forestation --- Reafforestation --- Forest conservation --- Revegetation --- Afforestation --- Tree planting --- Alto Perú --- Bolivija --- Bulibiya --- Bulibiya Mamallaqta --- Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia --- Plurinational State of Bolivia --- Republic of Bolivia --- República de Bolivia --- Upper Peru --- Wuliwya --- Wuliwya Suya --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation