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Also available as a print set of two, see isbn 9789004373754 The International Labour Organization is responsible for the only two international Conventions ever adopted for the protection of the rights and cultures of indigenous and tribal peoples. The Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention, 1957 (No. 107) and the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) that revised and replaced Convention No. 107, are the only international Conventions ever adopted on the subject, and Convention No. 169 is the only one that can now be ratified. This volume, and its companion to be published at a later date, make clear that the basic concepts and the very vocabulary of international human rights on indigenous and tribal peoples derives from these two Conventions. The adoption in 2007 of the UN Declaration on the Rights Of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), and the ongoing discussions in the international human rights community about the relative merits, impact and legal validity of the UN and ILO instruments, make it all the more important to understand how Convention 169 was adopted. The author of this unique study was responsible for many years for the supervision of both Conventions in the ILO’s supervisory machinery, and was intimately involved in the adoption of the 1989 instrument, as well as in international discussions on the subject of indigenous and tribal peoples.

Indigenous peoples (International law) --- Indigenous peoples --- International law --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention --- Convention 169 --- Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries --- ILO no. 169 --- Konvent︠s︡ii︠a︡ No 169 Mezhdunarodnoĭ organizat︠s︡ii truda "O korennykh narodakh i narodakh, vedushchikh plemennoĭ obraz zhizni v nezavisimykh stranakh" --- Ethnology

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The search for transcendence is by no means limited to the Faustian West or the major world religions. Indeed, tribal peoples around the globe practice diverse but related forms of the spiritual quest. In this wide-ranging interdisciplinary study, Torrance argues that the quest is rooted in our biological, psychological, linguistic, and social nature. The human being is as much animal quaerens - the questing animal - in scientific inquiry as in shamanistic flight. The quest, for Torrance, is the effort to transcend our given limits in pursuit of a goal that cannot be wholly known in advance. It is a search for visionary truths, which are then transmitted in narratives that provide metaphors for individual and social transformation. Drawing on thinkers as diverse as Bergson and Piaget, van Gennep and Turner, Peirce and Popper, Freud and Darwin, Torrance concludes that the spiritual quest is not a rare mystical experience but an expression of human impulses. In first exploring the foundations of the spiritual quest, Torrance demonstrates that human culture is not a static affirmation of an immutable past but a perpetually transitional process. He then examines variations of this activity in the myths and religious practices of tribal peoples throughout the world, from Oceania to India, Africa, Siberia, and the Americas. Torrance finds that, even in the seemingly fixed rituals of agricultural and ancestral rites, change and futurity find a place. The role of the unknown greatly expands in spirit possession through communication with the beyond. Yet nowhere, Torrance shows, is the creative tension between communal ceremony and individual aspiration more striking than in the native cultures of North and South America, and nowhere does the drive for transcendence attain fuller expression than in the vision quests of the Northeastern Woodlands and of the Great Plains. In concluding his richly varied study of the quest, Torrance theorizes that this fundamental human activity must be understood as a ternary relation, outside the binary oppositions of structuralist thought. Through this inherently transitional activity, humanity transcends the continual impasse of the given in search of what lies forever beyond. Shaman and scientist, medium and poet, prophet and philosopher, all venture forth in quest of visionary truths to transform and renew the world to which they must always return.

Indian mythology --- Indians --- Spiritual life --- Vision quests --- Vie spirituelle --- Mythologie indienne d'Amérique --- Indiens --- Indiens d'Amérique --- Religion --- Cross-cultural studies --- Rites and ceremonies --- Etudes transculturelles --- Rites et cérémonies --- Indian mythology. --- Social & Cultural Anthropology --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Mythology, Indian --- Mythology --- Quests, Vision --- Indians of North America --- Life, Spiritual --- Religious life --- Spirituality --- Cross-cultural studies. --- Religion. --- Religion and mythology --- affirmation. --- animal quaerens. --- communal ritual. --- communication with the beyond. --- comparative religion. --- ecstasy. --- ethnic religious practices. --- faust. --- folklore. --- human being. --- human experience. --- human impulses. --- humanity. --- individual transformation. --- interdisciplinary. --- major world religions. --- mobility. --- mythology. --- questing animal. --- ritual and myth. --- shaman. --- shamanism. --- social transformation. --- spirit possession. --- spiritual quest. --- spirituality. --- transcendence. --- transformation. --- tribal peoples. --- tribal religious practices. --- visionary truth.