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Emilio Gentile, an internationally renowned authority on fascism and totalitarianism, argues that politics over the past two centuries has often taken on the features of religion, claiming as its own the prerogative of defining the fundamental purpose and meaning of human life. Secular political entities such as the nation, the state, race, class, and the party became the focus of myths, rituals, and commandments and gradually became objects of faith, loyalty, and reverence. Gentile examines this "sacralization of politics," as he defines it, both historically and theoretically, seeking to identify the different ways in which political regimes as diverse as fascism, communism, and liberal democracy have ultimately depended, like religions, on faith, myths, rites, and symbols. Gentile maintains that the sacralization of politics as a modern phenomenon is distinct from the politicization of religion that has arisen from militant religious fundamentalism. Sacralized politics may be democratic, in the form of a civil religion, or it may be totalitarian, in the form of a political religion. Using this conceptual distinction, and moving from America to Europe, and from Africa to Asia, Gentile presents a unique comparative history of civil and political religions from the American and French Revolutions, through nationalism and socialism, democracy and totalitarianism, fascism and communism, up to the present day. It is also a fascinating book for understanding the sacralization of politics after 9/11.
Political psychology --- Religion and politics --- Ideology --- Religion and politics. --- Political psychology. --- Ideology --- Political aspects --- Political aspects. --- Christianity. --- Illius Magistri. --- Kultur Kampf. --- Political Religions. --- Risorgimento. --- Sacralization. --- Second World War. --- Social Contract. --- Syncretic. --- The Ruling Class. --- anthropological revolution. --- conquering society. --- crowd manipulation. --- functionalist. --- genus incredulorum credulum. --- insecure man. --- new civilization. --- numinous. --- patriotism. --- political liturgy. --- secular collective entity. --- secular religion. --- statolatry. --- totalitarian. --- tovarich. --- tremendum.
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Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, sacramental theology has evolved as a discipline advancing comprehensive theories of sacraments and sacramentality as integral to the Christian faith while also studying the history and theology of the particular rites. Now, in the twenty-first century, the need for attention to the actual performance and specific social settings of sacramental worship has become well established. This makes the work of sacramental theology necessarily engaged with multiple, cross-disciplinary theories attentive to particular contexts, whether local, national, or global. Still, the divine human encounter at the heart of Christian symbol and ritual likewise beckons to philosophical–theological reflection. The essays in this volume begin with profound philosophical perspectives on the personal and communal sacramental experience, expanding from traditional cosmology to evolutionary and chaos theories of our planetary existence, continuing with shifts, especially among youth, to interreligious and non-institutional perspectives, consideration of change in popular notions of guilt, and social–ethical issues in relation to liturgical theology and practice, so as finally to return to fundamental theological reflection on human sacramentality and divine revelation.
liturgy --- Holy Spirit --- symbol --- Antoine Vergote --- laity --- revelation --- theological ethics --- sacrament --- sacramental universe --- E.O. Wilson --- pansacramentalism --- ecological grace --- coloniality --- Jean-Yves Lacoste --- liturgical theology --- ontology --- climate change --- critical realism --- Second Vatican Council --- baptism --- sacrament of penance --- spirituality --- disaffiliation --- hermeneutics --- history of Catholicism in the United States --- mystagogy --- post-colonial theory --- ekstasis --- Emmanuel Falque --- drones --- Jean-Luc Marion --- sacramentality --- Eucharist --- psychoanalysis --- phenomenology --- lived religion --- ecology --- frequent communion --- Roman Catholic Church --- communal ontology --- moral theology --- pandemonium tremendum --- creation --- chaos theory --- agency --- interreligious studies --- social structures --- John Zizioulas --- theology --- decoloniality --- Synod on the Youth --- vocation --- interreligious --- confession --- Pneumatology --- ritual theory --- Epic of Evolution --- social theory --- apophaticism --- Margaret Archer --- Catholic guilt --- sacramental theology
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