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SACCHAROMYCES --- TREHALOSE --- TREHALASE --- SACCHAROMYCES --- TREHALOSE --- TREHALASE

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Aphids are one of the major crop pests in the world and their populations are difficult to control. As there is an agricultural transition toward safer and more sustainable ways to produce, it is more important nowadays to develop alternatives to chemicals. The present study on aphid control takes place in this context. The first objective was to test the impact of a trehalase inhibitor on two Aphis fabae strains fed with different concentrations of validamycin A (0 to 90 µg/ml) in artificial diets. The concentration of 90µg/ml was then selected and a strain dependant effect was observed. This observation was confirmed by a proteomic test. With this validamycin A concentration as treatment, a life table was performed on two aphid strains harbouring or not two different endosymbionts (Hamiltonella and Regiella). The presence of endosymbionts affected the efficacy of validamycin A. One of the two aphid strains (A06-405) tended to be more negatively affected by the treatment and more especially when the strain harboured an endosymbiont. Non-treated aphids with an endosymbiont tended to have better fitness traits than without. However, once treated, traits levels became similar to non-treated aphids without endosymbiont. Then, the validamycin A concentrated at 90µg/ml was tested on Lysiphlebus fabarum wasps. The latest did not seems to be impacted by the direct (wasp fed with the treatment) or indirect (parasitism of treated aphids) treatment with validamycin A. Finally, the survival of two aphid strains fed on artificial diets with different rates (0 to 40%) of Streptomyces albus was measured. There was a dose dependent negative impact of this liquid medium on aphid survival. This trend is thought to be linked to the trehalase inhibitors produced by S. albus but it still have to be confirmed by chromatography. Those observations are a good start for further research. In future, if validamycin A shows efficient results on other aphid strains, it should be use as a biocontrol. As there was no impact on wasp survival, this treatment could be use in association with biological control agents such as L. fabarum. Validamycin A could be studied as a potential material to develop new bioinsecticides. Les pucerons sont l'un des principaux ravageurs des cultures dans le monde et leurs populations sont difficiles à contrôler. Comme l'agriculture est en pleine transition vers des modes de production plus sûrs et plus durables, il est plus important aujourd'hui de développer des alternatives aux produits chimiques. La présente étude sur la lutte contre les pucerons s'inscrit dans ce contexte. Le premier objectif était de tester l'impact d'un inhibiteur de la tréhalase sur deux souches d'Aphis fabae nourries avec différentes concentrations de validamycine A (0 à 90 µg/ml) dans des diètes artificiels. La concentration de 90 µg/ml a ensuite été sélectionnée et un effet dépendant de la souche a été observé. Cette observation a été confirmée par un test protéomique. Avec cette concentration de validamycine A comme traitement, une table de survie a été réalisée sur deux souches de pucerons hébergeant ou non deux endosymbiontes différents (Hamiltonella et Regiella). La présence d'endosymbiontes a affecté l'efficacité de la validamycine A. L'une des deux souches de pucerons (A06-405) a eu tendance à être plus négativement affectée par le traitement et plus particulièrement lorsque la souche hébergeait un endosymbionte. Les pucerons non traités avec un endosymbionte avaient tendance à avoir un meilleur fitness que sans traitement. Cependant, une fois traités, les niveaux étudiés sont devenus similaires à ceux des pucerons non traités sans endosymbionte. Ensuite, la validamycine A concentrée à 90µg/ml a été testée sur des guêpes Lysiphlebus fabarum. Ces dernières ne semblent pas avoir été affectées par le traitement à la validamycine A direct (guêpe nourrie avec le traitement) ou indirect (parasitisme des pucerons traités). Enfin, la survie de deux souches de pucerons nourris avec des régimes artificiels ayant des taux différents (0 à 40%) de Streptomyces albus a été mesurée. Ce milieu liquide a eu un impact négatif, dépendant de la dose, sur la survie des pucerons. On pense que cette tendance est liée aux inhibiteurs de tréhalase produits par S. albus, mais elle doit encore être confirmée par chromatographie. Ces observations sont un bon début pour des recherches plus approfondies. À l'avenir, si la validamycine A montre des résultats efficaces sur d'autres souches de pucerons, elle pourrait être utilisée en tant que biocontrôle. Comme il n'y a pas eu d'impact sur la survie des guêpes, ce traitement pourrait être utilisé en association avec des agents de contrôle biologique comme L. fabarum. La validamycine A pourrait même être étudiée en tant que matériau potentiel pour développer de nouveaux bioinsecticides.

Validamycin A --- trehalase inhibitor --- Aphis fabae --- Lysiphlebus fabarum --- Streptomyces albus --- Hamiltonella --- Regiella --- Buchnera --- endosymbiont --- biological control --- integrated pest management --- artificial diet --- Sciences du vivant > Entomologie & lutte antiravageur

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Issues relating to the gender schism and its effect on the career advancement of women in the Academy, especially in the field of STEM disciplines, deserve our attention and the efforts of all the scientific community to mitigate the gender gap. In order to embrace gender equality, recognize the career progression of women, and to celebrate the achievements of women in the field of bioorganic chemistry, we present contributions both from highly renowned female scientists and young female researchers who are in the early stages of their careers. This Special Issue includes fifteen manuscripts, including eleven high-quality research articles and four comprehensive review articles in the area of bioorganic chemistry, published from mid-2020 to early 2022. The scope of this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics at the organic chemistry–biology interface, including the synthesis and derivatization of natural compounds and their analogues, and the investigation of their biological activities in the human health field (for instance as antitumorals, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents), as well as their possible application in the crop protection field as agrochemicals. An example of nanoparticle-based biomaterial is also included. The techniques employed, besides organic synthesis, are in silico studies (docking procedures and molecular modeling), FT-IR spectroscopy, laser diffraction, PET, fluorescence, STD-NMR studies, enzymatic evaluation, experiments on cell lines and in vivo studies on mice.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- antibiotics --- biochemical studies --- iminosugars --- inhibitors --- insect trehalase --- trehalose --- in vivo studies --- mammalian trehalase --- natural compounds --- selectivity --- interrupted Nazarov cyclization --- pentacyclic steroids --- antiproliferative activity --- d-annulated steroids --- Lewis acid --- dental caries --- enamel remineralisation --- hydroxyapatite --- amelogenin --- amelogenin-derived peptides --- leucine-rich amelogenin peptides --- tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptides --- cannabidiol --- molecular mechanisms --- neurological diseases --- neuroprotective effects --- strigolactones --- Strigol --- anti-cancer --- antimicrobials --- sustainable agriculture --- α,α-difluorophosphonate --- deoxyxylulose phosphate reductoisomerase --- 1-deoxy-dxylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) --- antimicrobial --- fosmidomycin --- isoprenoid biosynthesis --- 2-C-methyl-derythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway --- multivalency --- gold nanoparticles --- enzyme inhibition --- Jack bean α-mannosidase --- aminoproline scaffold --- integrin targeting --- ligand design --- peptidomimetic synthesis --- leukocyte integrins --- BODIPY --- β-galactosidase activity --- PET --- fluorescent --- dispirooxindoles --- anticancer activity --- cytotoxicity --- 3D molecular docking --- p53/MDM2 interaction --- terpenes --- hydrazones --- penetration enhancers --- liposomes --- lipids --- stratum corneum --- laser diffraction --- fluorescence probe --- pyrene --- FT-IR spectroscopy --- heterohelicene --- chirality --- resolution --- enantiomers --- chiroptical --- screw-shaped compounds --- betulinic acid --- α-glucosidase --- inhibition mechanism --- postprandial hyperglycemia --- synergistic effect --- AMR --- persisters --- (p)ppGpp --- fragment screening --- thermal shift assay --- STD-NMR --- boron --- phthalimide --- benzamide --- glycosidase --- cancer --- boron neutron capture therapy --- n/a

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The ability to produce insects has a broad impact on human lives in a wide array of areas including insect pest and weed management, human and veterinary medicine, insect production for food and nutrient supplements, as well as research and education. Insect rearing began as a simple desire, yet never a simple task, has continued to expand, both in methodology and application. A desire to learn about and understand insects grew into a desire to control and manipulate insects, both to suppress and to preserve. Rearing individual life stages extended to continuous rearing and maintaining evolved into production. Ultimately, this results in insects physically and behaviorally similar to those from nature. New multi-omics technologies (transcriptomics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics, etc.) recently increased knowledge of microbiomes, and the manipulation of nutrigenomic analysis and statistical optimization modeling have enabled advances in insect nutrition. These advances have resulted in a better understanding of the effects of the food stream ingredients and rearing conditions on the insect’s physiological and biochemical functions, in addition to promoting the production of high-quality insects. The production has application in research, insect control, and most recently, specialized food niche. Before one application has been fully realized, a new application has emerged, often supported with the application of new technologies. Given this pattern of advancement followed by benefits, there is every reason to anticipate more to come in the field of insect rearing.

Research & information: general --- trehalase --- trehalose metabolism --- in vitro rearing --- cold stress --- Trichogramma --- insects as feed and food --- nutrition --- food assimilation --- food conversion --- insect dietetics --- insect rearing --- macro-nutrients --- nitrogen source --- carbon to nitrogen ratio --- food waste --- urea --- black soldier fly larvae --- Hermetia illucens --- Psyttalia incisi --- oriental fruit fly --- cold storage --- emergence rate --- quality --- reproduction --- Apis mellifera --- deformation --- emergence --- honey bee --- larvae --- alternative protein --- amino acid --- Black Soldier fly --- insect protein --- macronutrients --- Coenosia attenuata --- mass rearing --- wing damage --- Bradysia impatiens --- Drosophila melanogaster --- fecundity --- organic waste management --- coconut endosperm --- soybean curd residue --- Diabrotica virgifera --- corn rootworm --- WCRMO-2 --- diet processing --- heating --- spotted-wing drosophila --- symbiotic bacteria --- gut microbiota --- pest-management --- mass-rearing --- insect fitness --- n/a