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In 1915, western farmers mounted one of the most significant challenges to party politics America has seen: the Nonpartisan League, which sought to empower citizens and restrain corporate influence. Before its collapse in the 1920s, the League counted over 250,000 paying members, spread to thirteen states and two Canadian provinces, controlled North Dakota's state government, and birthed new farmer-labor alliances. Yet today it is all but forgotten, neglected even by scholars. Michael J. Lansing aims to change that. Insurgent Democracy offers a new look at the Nonpartisan League and a new way to understand its rise and fall in the United States and Canada. Lansing argues that, rather than a spasm of populist rage that inevitably burned itself out, the story of the League is in fact an instructive example of how popular movements can create lasting change. Depicting the League as a transnational response to economic inequity, Lansing not only resurrects its story of citizen activism, but also allows us to see its potential to inform contemporary movements.

Insurgency --- Social movements --- Farmers --- History --- Political activity --- National Nonpartisan League --- History. --- democracy, politics, political science, nonpartisan league, farmers, reform, power, control, citizenship, electorate, voters, corporate influence, lobbyists, special interest groups, nonfiction, history, government, north dakota, populism, united states, canada, social movements, poverty, inequality, inequity, transnational, activism, insurgency, resistance.

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Between the Harlem Renaissance and the end of World War II, a discourse that privileged a representative ideal of brown beauty womanhood emerged as one expression of race, class, and women's status in the modern nation. This discourse on brown beauty accrued great cultural currency across the interwar years as it appeared in diverse and multiple forms. Studying artwork and photography; commercial and consumer-oriented advertising; and literature, poetry, and sociological works, this text analyzes African American print culture with a central interest in women's social history. It explores the diffuse ways that brownness impinged on socially mobile New Negro women in the urban environment during the interwar years and shows how the discourse was constructed as a self-regulating guide directed at an aspiring middle class.

African American women --- Beauty, Personal --- Beauty --- Complexion --- Grooming, Personal --- Grooming for women --- Personal beauty --- Personal grooming --- Toilet (Grooming) --- Hygiene --- Beauty culture --- Beauty shops --- Cosmetics --- Afro-American women --- Women, African American --- Women, Negro --- Women --- Race identity --- Social conditions --- Social aspects --- African American literature. --- African American womanhood. --- African American women. --- African American youth. --- Brown v Board of Education. --- Charles H Parrish. --- Charles S Johnson. --- Cold War politics. --- Dark Princess A Romance. --- Elise Johnson McDougald. --- Franklin E Frazier. --- Great Depression. --- Harlem Renaissance fiction. --- Harlem educator. --- New Negro woman. --- New Negro. --- The Crisis. --- W E B Du Bois. --- WWII. --- black beauty ideals. --- black middle class. --- brown skin beauty ideals. --- brown skin models. --- brown-skin mulatta. --- consumer advertising. --- consumption. --- cosmetics. --- gender politics. --- interwar years. --- literary journals. --- middle class. --- mixed race. --- new woman. --- print culture. --- race concept. --- racial liberals. --- transnational activism. --- urbanization and race. --- woman’s era. --- women's poetry.