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The use of the energy and its resources have changed dramatically in last few decades. The increasing use of technology and electrification increases the demand for energy, with impacts natural energy resources. At present, industries are trying to reduce the direct use of traditional energy by utilizing renewable energy as an alternative energy resource. Recent studies have attempted to optimize consumed energies for entire systems by using alternative energies. These alternatives are different kinds of renewable energies which provide numerous new possibilities to survive without using non-renewable energies. The production industry is moving toward smart production using the technology of the fourth industrial revolution. In this book, energy consumption for production and supply chain management are explained through presentation of some the latest major research advances. These studies collectively contribute new ideas and strategies in enriching the literature.

energy --- multi-item smart production --- system reliability --- failure rate --- variable development cost --- sustainable electrical energy supply chain --- inventory --- price-dependent demand --- transmission and distribution costs --- carbon-emission --- renewable energy --- smart production system --- random breakdown --- safety stock --- controllable production rate --- healthcare supply chain management --- platelets --- perishability factor --- location-allocation --- sustainable manufacturing system --- multi-item production --- variable holding cost --- inflation --- control theory --- stochastic production capacity --- unreliable production system --- random failure and repair rates --- electrical energy consumption --- supply chain management --- imperfect production --- distribution free approach --- service level constraint --- transportation discount

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This book focuses on theoretical and practical developments in the performance of high-voltage transmission line against atmospheric pollution and icing. Modifications using suitable fillers are also pinpointed to improve silicone rubber insulation materials. Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) mitigation techniques, along with some suggestions for reliable partial discharge measurements under DC voltage stresses inside gas-insulated switchgears, are addressed. The application of an inductor-based filter for the protective performance of surge arresters against indirect lightning strikes is also discussed.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- dynamic pollution model --- reference insulators --- insulator structure coefficient --- natural pollution tests --- finite element method --- partial discharge --- protrusion --- gas-insulated system --- HVDC --- SF6 --- synthetic air --- insulator --- pollution --- humidity --- equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) --- non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) --- leakage current --- post-installation study --- double exponential function --- indirect lightning --- medium voltage transformer --- spark gap --- filtered surge arrester --- energy-controlled switch --- ice-covered insulator --- characteristics extraction --- image processing method --- median filtering method --- entropy threshold segmentation --- modified Canny operator --- region growth method --- icing degree --- gas-insulated substations --- VFTO --- EMF modeling --- transient ground potential rise --- polymeric material --- thermoplastic --- thermoset --- elastomer --- epoxy resin --- electrical properties --- mechanical properties --- high-voltage applications --- partial discharges --- textured insulator --- artificial clean fog test --- dry bands --- discharges --- partial arcs --- monitoring --- HVDC outdoor insulators --- silicone rubber --- fumed silica --- ground silica --- dry-band arcing --- erosion performance --- outdoor insulators --- transmission and distribution --- pollution performance --- tracking --- erosion resistance --- overhead power lines --- atmospheric icing --- power outage --- anti-icing --- de-icing --- line design --- passive devices --- coatings --- mechanical methods --- thermal methods --- composite crossarm --- pollution flashover characteristics --- core diameter --- hydrophobicity --- umbrella structure --- voltage gradient --- flashover --- inception voltage --- arc propagation --- finite element method (FEM) --- n/a