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Victims and Perpetrators What form does the dialogue about the family past during the Nazi period take in families of those persecuted by the Nazi regime and in families of Nazi perpetrators and bystanders? What impact does the past of the first generation, and their own way of dealing with it have on the lives of their children and grandchildren? What are the differences between the dialogue about the family past and the Holocaust in families of Nazi perpetrators and in families of Holocaust survivors? This book examines these questions on the basis of selected case studies.

biographical research --- family dialogue --- transgenerational transmission

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Clonal growth --- environmental change --- epigenetics --- maternal effect --- transgenerational plasticity --- inbreeding plants

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This Special Issue of Genealogy explores the topic of “Intergenerational Trauma and Healing”. Authors examine the ways in which traumas (individual or group, and affecting humans and non-humans) that occurred in past generations reverberate into the present and how individuals, communities, and nations respond to and address those traumas. Authors also explore contemporary traumas, how they reflect ancestral traumas, and how they are being addressed through drawing on both contemporary and ancestral healing approaches. The articles define trauma broadly, including removal from homelands, ecocide, genocide, sexual or gendered violence, institutionalized and direct racism, incarceration, and exploitation, and across a wide range of spatial (home to nation) and temporal (intergenerational/ancestral and contemporary) scales. Articles also approach healing in an expansive mode, including specific individual healing practices, community-based initiatives, class-action lawsuits, group-wide reparations, health interventions, cultural approaches, and transformative legal or policy decisions. Contributing scholars for this issue are from across disciplines (including ethnic studies, genetics, political science, law, environmental policy, public health, humanities, etc.). They consider trauma and its ramifications alongside diverse mechanisms of healing and/or rearticulating self, community, and nation.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- Holocaust --- survivors --- second generation --- transgenerational transmission --- trauma --- Grossman --- Armenian --- genocide --- 1915 --- human rights violation --- Christianity --- law enforcement violence --- living with trauma --- impunity --- collective trauma --- dreams --- psychoanalysis --- literature --- Zabuzhko --- transgenerationally transmitted trauma --- indigenous wisdom --- disrupted attachment --- cultural restoration --- well-being --- survivance --- sobrevivencia --- healing --- struggle --- mothers --- movements --- Holocaust --- survivors --- second generation --- transgenerational transmission --- trauma --- Grossman --- Armenian --- genocide --- 1915 --- human rights violation --- Christianity --- law enforcement violence --- living with trauma --- impunity --- collective trauma --- dreams --- psychoanalysis --- literature --- Zabuzhko --- transgenerationally transmitted trauma --- indigenous wisdom --- disrupted attachment --- cultural restoration --- well-being --- survivance --- sobrevivencia --- healing --- struggle --- mothers --- movements

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This Special Issue of Genealogy explores the topic of “Intergenerational Trauma and Healing”. Authors examine the ways in which traumas (individual or group, and affecting humans and non-humans) that occurred in past generations reverberate into the present and how individuals, communities, and nations respond to and address those traumas. Authors also explore contemporary traumas, how they reflect ancestral traumas, and how they are being addressed through drawing on both contemporary and ancestral healing approaches. The articles define trauma broadly, including removal from homelands, ecocide, genocide, sexual or gendered violence, institutionalized and direct racism, incarceration, and exploitation, and across a wide range of spatial (home to nation) and temporal (intergenerational/ancestral and contemporary) scales. Articles also approach healing in an expansive mode, including specific individual healing practices, community-based initiatives, class-action lawsuits, group-wide reparations, health interventions, cultural approaches, and transformative legal or policy decisions. Contributing scholars for this issue are from across disciplines (including ethnic studies, genetics, political science, law, environmental policy, public health, humanities, etc.). They consider trauma and its ramifications alongside diverse mechanisms of healing and/or rearticulating self, community, and nation.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- Holocaust --- survivors --- second generation --- transgenerational transmission --- trauma --- Grossman --- Armenian --- genocide --- 1915 --- human rights violation --- Christianity --- law enforcement violence --- living with trauma --- impunity --- collective trauma --- dreams --- psychoanalysis --- literature --- Zabuzhko --- transgenerationally transmitted trauma --- indigenous wisdom --- disrupted attachment --- cultural restoration --- well-being --- survivance --- sobrevivencia --- healing --- struggle --- mothers --- movements

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Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which features neurodevelopmental deficit, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disability. Research suggests the human brain is precisely shaped through an intrinsic, genetic-cellular expression that is orchestrated further upstream by an epigenetic program. This program can be influenced by environmental inputs such as alcohol. Current research suggests the genetic and epigenetics of FASD are becoming intertwined and inseparable. Now is the time for investigators to combine genetic, genomic and epigenetic alcohol research into an accessible, online platform discussion. Genetic analyses inform gene sets vulnerable to alcohol exposure during early neurulation. Prenatal alcohol exposure alters expression of gene subsets, including genes involved in neural specification, hematopoiesis, methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone variants, eye and heart development. Recently, quantitative map locusing (QTLs) that mediate alcohol-induced phenotype were identified between two mouse strains. Another question is -- besides amount, dose, and stage of alcohol exposure, why only 5% of women drinking have a newborn with FAS? Studies are also ongoing to answer this question by characterizing genome-wide expression, allele-specific expression (ASE), gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal genetic factors that influence alcohol vulnerability. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy, which can lead to FASD, has been used as a model to resolve the epigenetic pathway between environment and phenotype. Epigenetics modifies genetic outputs through alteration of 3D chromatin structure and accessibility of transcriptional machinery. Several laboratories have reported altered epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, in multiple models of FASD. During development DNA methylation is dynamic, yet orchestrated as methylation progresses in a precise spatiotemporal manner during neurulation and coincides with neural differentiation. Alcohol can directly influence epigenetics through alterations of the methionine pathway and subsequent DNA or histone methylation/acetylation. Alcohol also alters noncoding RNA including miRNA and transposable elements (TEs). Evidence suggests that miRNA expression may mediate ethanol teratology, and TEs may be affected by alcohol through altering DNA methylation at LTR. In this manner epigenetic and genetics of FASD are becoming mechanistically intertwined. Can alcohol-induced epigenomic alterations be passed through generations? Early epidemiological studies revealed infants with FASD-like features in the absence of maternal alcohol, where the fathers were alcoholics. Novel mechanisms for alcohol-induced phenotypes include altered sperm DNA methylation, hypomethylated paternal allele and heritable epimutation. These studies predict heritability of alcohol-induced epigenetic abnormalities and gene functionality across generations.

Substance Abuse --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Pregnant women --- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders --- Children of prenatal alcohol abuse. --- Alcohol use. --- Evaluation. --- Children exposed prenatally to alcohol --- Children exposed to prenatal alcohol abuse --- Prenatal alcohol abuse victims --- Alcoholism in pregnancy --- Alcohol-related birth defects --- Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders --- FASDs (Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders) --- Fetal alcohol syndrome --- Neurodevelopmental disorders, Alcohol-related --- Abnormalities, Human --- Fetus --- Syndromes --- Children of prenatal alcohol abuse --- Complications --- Diseases --- DNA Methylation --- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome --- histone modification --- Epigenetic medicine --- Genomics --- Alcoholism --- transgenerational --- Pregnancy drinking --- FASD --- Gene environmental interaction