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The effects of geomagnetic disturbances (GMD) on power transformers when there is the presence of geomagnetically induced current (GIC) in a power transformer are described. Specification parameters and performance characteristics for power transformers to help minimize the risk and impact when GIC is present in the power system are established. The intent is to provide a background that can help evaluate the effect of GIC on a power transformer design and its GIC capability. This includes the evaluation techniques to determine the performance characteristics while under the influence of GIC.

Electric transformer.

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This standard is intended for use as a basis for determining performance, interchangeability, andsafety of the equipment covered, and to assist in the proper selection of such equipment.This standard covers certain electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics and takesinto consideration certain safety features of three-phase, 60 Hz., mineral-oil-immersed, self-cooled, padmounted,compartmental-type distribution transformers with high-voltage bushings. These transformers are rated 2500 kVA and smaller, with high voltages of 34 500 GrdY/19 920 volts and below, and with low voltages of 480 volts and below. These transformers are generally used for step-down purposes from an underground primary cable supply.

Electric transformer.

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This standard covers certain electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics, and takes into consideration certain safety features of current and inductively coupled voltage transformers. They are generally used in the measurement of electricity and the control of equipment associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of alternating current.

Current transformers (Instrument transformer)

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This IEEE Standards product is part of the Color Books family. System protection and coordination serve to minimize damage to a system and its components, thereby limiting the extent and duration of any service interruption occurring on any portion of the system. The IEEE Buff Book deals with the proper selection, application, and coordination of the components that constitute system protection for industrial plants and commercial buildings. The IEEE Buff Book presents complete information on protection and coordination principles designed to protect industrial and commercial power systems against any abnormalities that could reasonably be expected to occur during the course of system operation. The information is arranged in a convenient step-by-step format for easy comprehension. It is a valuable sourcebook for use at the system design stage, as well as in the modification of existing operations for better system protection. The IEEE Buff Book supports the goal of system protection by efficiently isolating and removing problems. In achieving this goal, certain design features must be utilized. One of the main design features involves the rapid isolation of the affected portion of the system, while maintaining normal operation elsewhere. Another design feature reduces the short-circuit current to minimize damage to the system, its components, and the utilization equipment it supplies. Yet another design feature provides alternate circuits, automatic throwovers, and automatic reclosing devices. These design features for system protection are the focus of the IEEE Buff Book. The errata sheet is available on-line: http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/242-2001_errata.pdf.

Current transformers (Instrument transformer)

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Current transformers (Instrument transformer)