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Le présent travail traite de la mise au point d'une méthode nouvelle, l'alcoolyse non catalysée, 
pour l’extraction de polyesters d’origine végétale à partir de biomasses résiduelles. L’objectif 
est de proposer une source de molécules biosourcées et à faible impact environnemental dans 
la formulation de nouveaux polyuréthanes. Dans un premier temps, la matière subérinique a été extraite à partir de l’écorce du chêne commun (Quercus robur) et de la pelure de la racine tubéreuse du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) par transestérification en conditions sub- et supercritiques sans ajout de catalyseur dans du méthanol. Les conditions de traitements les moins sévères, c’est-à-dire à basse température (220°C) et à durée minimale de maintien des conditions (0 min), ont permis d’obtenir de bons rendements en matière subérinique (de 7,2% à 10,3% selon l’origine végétale) tout en limitant la dépolymérisation permettant ainsi de préserver les macrostructures, plus favorables pour une polymérisation ultérieure. Dans un second temps, le potentiel de la matière subérinique à faire partie de formulations dans la production de polyhydroxyuréthanes auto-gonflants afin d’en améliorer les propriétés mécaniques et chimiques a été testé. Les résultats ont mis en évidence la bonne compatibilité de la matière subérinique dans la formulation de la mousse de polyhydroxyuréthanes. La présence accrue de matière subérinique dans la formulation de la mousse a non seulement permis d’éviter l’étape chronophage de prépolymérisation, de réduire la température d’incubation de 20°C mais également d’améliorer l’expansion, l’homogénéité et la texture de la mousse de manière drastique, confirmant le potentiel de cette application. Par conséquent, la combinaison d'une extraction « single-step » de la matière subérinique et des avantages de son inclusion dans la formulation de nouveaux polyuréthanes présente un haut potentiel d'exploitation.

subérine --- extraction --- méthanol supercritique --- transestérification --- polymérisation --- NIPU --- PHU --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

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The important strategic issue of the 21st century states as the struggle for existence is the struggle for sustainable energy. In the last few years, the interest in renewable fuels has increased dramatically due to high demand of energy and the limitation of fossil fuel. Given the rapidly increasing demand for energy, which is projected to double by mid- 21st century, it is expected that biodiesels will become an important part of the global energy mix and make a significant contribution to meeting energy demand. Through extensive research, many commercial enterprises have offered comprehensive, innovative, and state-of-the-art technologies to produce high-quality biodiesel consistently at a competitive price via transesterification process. Therefore, this book gives a critical review on the recent emerged process intensification technologies for biodiesel production as well as the various methods for assessing biodiesel fuel quality and/or monitoring the transesterification reaction with advantages and drawbacks, and offers suggestions on selection of appropriate methods, which could provide a thrilling adventure ahead of all interested scientists. The adequate and up-to-date information provided in this book should be of interest for biochemical engineers, academics, post graduate and graduate students, and industrial researchers in these areas of study. It will also cater to researchers and enthusiastic readers in the realm of alternative energy resources as well as in areas of sustainable and green energy technology development.

Biodiesel fuels industry --- biodiesel --- process intensification --- sustainable energy --- transesterification --- E-books --- Biodiesel fuels industry. --- Diesel fuels industry

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This book is focused on the works presented at the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences, organized by Applied Sciences from 15 to 31 October 2021 on the MDPI Sciforum platform. Two decades have passed since the start of the 21st century. The development of sciences and technologies is growing ever faster today than in the previous century. The field of science is expanding, and the structure of science is becoming ever richer. Because of this expansion and fine structure growth, researchers may lose themselves in the deep forest of the ever-increasing frontiers and sub-fields being created. This international conference on the Applied Sciences was started to help scientists conduct their own research into the growth of these frontiers by breaking down barriers and connecting the many sub-fields to cut through this vast forest. These functions will allow researchers to see these frontiers and their surrounding (or quite distant) fields and sub-fields, and give them the opportunity to incubate and develop their knowledge even further with the aid of this multi-dimensional network.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Physical chemistry --- liquid crystals --- liquid crystal devices --- ions --- ion generation --- electrical conductivity --- PVA --- PbTiO3 --- optical properties --- silica-based hybrid sol-gel coating --- infrared spectroscopy --- ripening --- phytochemical composition --- functional food --- blueberry --- : fatty acids --- fresh sample --- in situ transesterification --- methylation --- liquid crystals --- liquid crystal devices --- ions --- ion generation --- electrical conductivity --- PVA --- PbTiO3 --- optical properties --- silica-based hybrid sol-gel coating --- infrared spectroscopy --- ripening --- phytochemical composition --- functional food --- blueberry --- : fatty acids --- fresh sample --- in situ transesterification --- methylation

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This book is focused on the works presented at the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences, organized by Applied Sciences from 15 to 31 October 2021 on the MDPI Sciforum platform. Two decades have passed since the start of the 21st century. The development of sciences and technologies is growing ever faster today than in the previous century. The field of science is expanding, and the structure of science is becoming ever richer. Because of this expansion and fine structure growth, researchers may lose themselves in the deep forest of the ever-increasing frontiers and sub-fields being created. This international conference on the Applied Sciences was started to help scientists conduct their own research into the growth of these frontiers by breaking down barriers and connecting the many sub-fields to cut through this vast forest. These functions will allow researchers to see these frontiers and their surrounding (or quite distant) fields and sub-fields, and give them the opportunity to incubate and develop their knowledge even further with the aid of this multi-dimensional network.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Physical chemistry --- liquid crystals --- liquid crystal devices --- ions --- ion generation --- electrical conductivity --- PVA --- PbTiO3 --- optical properties --- silica-based hybrid sol-gel coating --- infrared spectroscopy --- ripening --- phytochemical composition --- functional food --- blueberry --- : fatty acids --- fresh sample --- in situ transesterification --- methylation

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Adequate quality of life and well-being of modern societies is only achievable with sustainable manufacturing processes that efficiently use raw materials, eliminate waste, and avoid the use of hazardous materials. All this is hardly conceivable without catalysis. In a world concerned with the exploitation of natural resources, catalysis can offer direct synthesis routes that maximize resource efficiency. The Iberoamerican society is far too significant and far too involved in global development, owing to its natural richness of resources, not to have an essential role in current developments and future directions. Catalysis, in the Iberoamerican academic and industrial communities, is recognized as a relevant scientific discipline that supports several strategic industrial sectors through the manufacturing of products and materials, and the operationalization of processes to produce energy and other utilities. As a reflection of this, once every two years the Iberoamerican Congress on Catalysis takes place to share and discuss the state-of-the-art of this discipline with the Federation of Iberoamerican Catalysis Societies. This book collected sixteen outstanding contributions, stemming from this exceptional event—one which will undoubtedly mark a turning point and could be a source of inspiration to all those involved in catalysis, particularly the young generation of competent researchers taking their first steps in this incredibly complex and beautiful discipline.

History of engineering & technology --- hydrodeoxygenation --- fast-pyrolysis bio-oil --- nickel catalyst --- upgrading --- peptide bond --- phthalonitriles --- phthalocyanines --- aminocarbonylation --- palladium catalysts --- castor oil --- biofuel --- selective transesterification --- ecodiesel --- biodiesel --- diesel engine --- electricity generator --- smoke opacity --- Bacharach opacity --- aldol condensation --- biomass valorization --- Mg/Al mixed oxides --- surfactant --- microwaves --- influence of water --- FAEEs --- mixed biocatalysts --- lipases --- microalgae --- silver nanoparticles --- zirconia --- hydrocarbons --- diesel soot --- catalytic combustion --- boronic esters --- borylation --- Suzuki–Miyaura --- layered double hydroxides --- copper --- palladium --- Fe/Nb2O5 immobilized catalyst --- emerging pollutants --- degradation --- hydrodesulfurization --- CoMo/Al2O3 --- basic additive --- lanthanum --- MCM-41 --- cerium --- benzyl alcohol --- oxidation --- benzaldehyde --- etherification --- glycerol --- tert-butyl alcohol --- dibutyl ether --- A-15 --- catalyst stability --- Cobalt ferrite --- ethylesters --- biofuels --- hydrotalcite --- transesterification --- fast pyrolysis --- SAPO-5 --- Al-MCM-41 --- dodecanoic acid --- photocatalysis --- Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides --- coprecipitation --- chlorophenols --- mixed oxides --- elimination --- phenol --- Al2O3-TiO2 --- CoMo --- CoMoS --- MoS2 --- desulfurization --- chemisorption --- MPI silica --- Ag nanoparticles --- XPS assessment --- n/a --- Suzuki-Miyaura