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Eosinophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes mainly known for their role in protection against helminthic parasites. Beyond this immune function, eosinophils have been attributed diverse roles in health and disease. On the one hand, eosinophils contribute to immune and metabolic homeostasis and participate in tissue morphogenesis and regeneration. On the other hand, eosinophils are associated with tissue lesions in a variety of human diseases such as eosinophilic asthma, in which they are thought to play a pathogenic role. Indeed, the severity of eosinophilic asthma is positively correlated with the number of blood and tissue-infiltrating eosinophils, and biological therapies that eliminate or control the number of eosinophils improve control over exacerbations of severe forms of the disease. Nonetheless, mere counting of eosinophils is not a perfect predictor of the response of individual patients to anti-eosinophil targeted therapies. This led clinicians to posit that yet-to-identify factors may determine whether eosinophils are “good”, “bad” or “bystander” cells in asthma. Indeed, eosinophils are more labile than their classical vision as terminally differentiated effector cells posits. Eosinophils are able to adapt to their tissue microenvironment, which calls in the notion of plasticity.
In this work, we address the question of whether and how the alarmin interleukin (IL)-33, a pro-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family and major activator of eosinophils, could participate in the plasticity of eosinophils. Indeed, it has been shown that IL-33 induces a plastic response in macrophages, in which it first elicits a pro-inflammatory gene expression program and later reprograms macrophages into pro-resolving and pro-remodeling cells. Therefore, we studied the short- and long-term transcriptomic response of human blood eosinophils to IL-33 ex vivo. The results showed that IL-33 induced a short term, NF-κB-controlled pro-inflammatory program in eosinophils but no detectable long-term transcriptomic response. Thus, our results suggest that IL-33 signaling does not elicit a long-term plastic response in eosinophils.

eosinophil, interleukin-33, transcriptomic signature --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Immunologie & maladie infectieuse

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The forest ecosystem is the largest terrestrial ecosystem on earth. It not only has the highest biological productivity and the strongest ecological effect, but can also maintain carbon and oxygen balance and control temperature rise. With the rapid development of the economy, climate change has become the largest challenge to the continuation of forest ecosystem. With constantly changing climate, environmental conditions including CO2 concentration,temperature,intensity of rainfall and the probability of extreme weathers are all affected. In particular, extreme heat, extreme drought and intense fall will become more frequent and widespread. Climate change has a great impact on all ecosystems, especially forest ecosystems. As the largest carbon pool on the earth, these area play a very important role in mitigating global climate change. It is necessary to understand what changes have taken place in the growth and development of trees under climate change, the changes that have taken place in the regulation mechanism of trees when multiple stresses occur at the same time, and to determine the regulation mechanism of trees under new stresses? This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of forest tree gene regulation in response to abiotic and biotic stresses that can contribute to the understanding of forest response mechanisms to different environmental signals and provide a new insight for tolerant tree improvement.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- Ligustrum × vicaryi Rehd. --- aquaporin --- natural cold stress --- cold resistance --- drought stress --- waterlogging stress --- plant morphology --- physiology and biochemistry --- transcription factor --- bHLH transcription factor --- cold stress --- expression pattern --- genome-wide identification --- Liriodendron chinense --- Pinus massoniana --- aluminum stress --- transcriptomic --- WGCNA analysis --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis --- R2R3-MYB --- Populus --- rust --- Melampsora larici-populina --- Larix kaempferi --- GRAS family --- genome-wide analysis --- phytohormone --- qRT-PCR --- Pinus massoniana Lamb. --- AP2/ERF transcription factor --- bioinformatics --- exogenous hormone --- freezing stress --- apricot kernel --- transcriptome --- transcription factors --- ROS --- regulatory network --- miRNA --- Tilia tuan --- high-throughput sequencing --- seed maturation

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Gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that antagonistically regulate plant growth, as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GAs inhibit and promote cell elongation and growth, respectively. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GAs and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants. In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity and flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GAs in the control of some biological processes in response to stress. The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants.

particle film technology --- xanthophylls --- VAZ cycle --- drought --- Vitis vinifera L. --- abscisic acid --- ABA --- ethylene --- pathogens --- plant immunity --- PYR1 --- salicylic acid --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- cell expansion --- gibberellins --- hypocotyl growth --- transcriptomic analysis --- plant hormones --- plant size --- receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase --- skotomorphogenesis --- Mediator complex --- transcription --- ABA signaling --- abiotic stress response --- grapevine --- stomata --- metabolism --- carbohydrates --- salinity --- chromatin remodeling --- guard cell --- osmotic stress --- protein phosphatase 2C --- stress memory --- transgenerational inheritance --- abscisic acid (ABA) --- flowering time --- Arabidopsis --- drought escape --- bZIP --- GIGANTEA --- CONSTANS --- FLOWERING LOCUS T --- FD --- citrus --- fruit maturation --- hormonal interplay --- sugars --- n/a

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Gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that antagonistically regulate plant growth, as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GAs inhibit and promote cell elongation and growth, respectively. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GAs and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants. In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity and flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GAs in the control of some biological processes in response to stress. The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- particle film technology --- xanthophylls --- VAZ cycle --- drought --- Vitis vinifera L. --- abscisic acid --- ABA --- ethylene --- pathogens --- plant immunity --- PYR1 --- salicylic acid --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- cell expansion --- gibberellins --- hypocotyl growth --- transcriptomic analysis --- plant hormones --- plant size --- receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase --- skotomorphogenesis --- Mediator complex --- transcription --- ABA signaling --- abiotic stress response --- grapevine --- stomata --- metabolism --- carbohydrates --- salinity --- chromatin remodeling --- guard cell --- osmotic stress --- protein phosphatase 2C --- stress memory --- transgenerational inheritance --- abscisic acid (ABA) --- flowering time --- Arabidopsis --- drought escape --- bZIP --- GIGANTEA --- CONSTANS --- FLOWERING LOCUS T --- FD --- citrus --- fruit maturation --- hormonal interplay --- sugars --- particle film technology --- xanthophylls --- VAZ cycle --- drought --- Vitis vinifera L. --- abscisic acid --- ABA --- ethylene --- pathogens --- plant immunity --- PYR1 --- salicylic acid --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- cell expansion --- gibberellins --- hypocotyl growth --- transcriptomic analysis --- plant hormones --- plant size --- receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase --- skotomorphogenesis --- Mediator complex --- transcription --- ABA signaling --- abiotic stress response --- grapevine --- stomata --- metabolism --- carbohydrates --- salinity --- chromatin remodeling --- guard cell --- osmotic stress --- protein phosphatase 2C --- stress memory --- transgenerational inheritance --- abscisic acid (ABA) --- flowering time --- Arabidopsis --- drought escape --- bZIP --- GIGANTEA --- CONSTANS --- FLOWERING LOCUS T --- FD --- citrus --- fruit maturation --- hormonal interplay --- sugars

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Carotenoids are a group of approximately 600 compounds synthesized by photosynthetic organisms. These pigments are abundant in fruits and vegetables, as well as in certain animal products such as eggs and salmon, being responsible for their colorful appearance. The bioactive properties of certain carotenoids in human health are clear, as some of these compounds have antioxidant properties and serve as the only precursors of vitamin A in nature. The aim of this Special Issue entitled “Carotenoids and Human Health” is to provide the scientific community with an updated perspective of this exciting and growing research area. We compiled 19 papers from some of the most prominent scientists in the carotenoid field, including seven literature reviews and 12 original publication, covering topics such as cancer, obesity, vision, cognitive function, and skin health.

membrane transporters --- RAR --- browning --- astaxanthin --- Vitamin A --- case-control study --- ?-carotene --- transcriptomic analysis --- new-born --- carotenes --- cancer-related cognitive impairment --- androgen --- beta-carotene --- eicosapentanoic acid --- mango by-products --- mangiferin --- cell culture --- chronic disease --- Akkermansia --- animal --- intestine --- carotenoids --- alcoholic fatty liver disease --- Phaeodactylum tricornutum --- carotenoid --- tomato --- colourless carotenoids --- preterm mothers --- inflammation --- ?-Cryptoxanthin --- adipocytes --- vitamin A --- gastric cancer --- food ingredients --- brain --- gut microbiota --- zeaxanthin --- nutricosmetics --- brown adipose tissue --- bioactive compounds --- breastfeeding --- aging --- oxidative stress --- retinoids --- phytofluene --- glaucoma --- H. pylori --- retinoid --- tomato extract --- retinol --- ?-cryptoxanthin --- microalgae --- fucoxanthin --- obesity --- macular pigment --- carotene --- photoprotection --- adipose tissue --- lutein --- metabolic syndrome --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- functional foods --- beta-cryptoxanthin --- retinoic acid --- nutrition --- lycopene --- bioavailability --- nutraceuticals --- adipocyte --- ?-tocopherol --- phytoene --- memory --- cosmeceuticals --- antioxidants --- mature milk --- RXR --- fat reduction --- xanthophylls --- colostrum --- smoking --- overweight --- provitamin A --- public health --- Korea --- ?-carotene oxygenase 1 --- cognition --- full-term mothers --- hippocampus --- alpha-carotene --- prostate cancer --- hypertension