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As recently as fifty years ago most people expected to lose their teeth as they aged. Few children benefited from braces to straighten their teeth, and cosmetic procedures to change the appearance of smiles were largely unknown. Today, many Canadians enjoy straight, white teeth and far more of them are keeping their teeth for the entirety of their lives. Yet these advances have not reached everyone.The Smile Gap examines the enormous improvements that have taken place over the past century. The use of fluorides, emphasis on toothbrushing, the rise of cosmetic dentistry, and better access to dental care have had a profound effect on the oral health and beauty of Canadians. Yet while the introduction of employer-provided dental insurance in the 1970s has allowed for regular visits to the dentist for many people, a significant number of Canadians still lack access to good oral health care, especially disabled Canadians, those on social assistance, the working poor, the elderly, and new immigrants. At the same time, an attractive smile has become increasingly important in the workplace and in relationships. People with damaged and missing teeth are at a substantial disadvantage, not just because of the pain and suffering caused by poor oral health, but because we live in a society that prizes good teeth and warm smiles.The first history of oral health in Canada, The Smile Gap reveals that despite the gains made, too many Canadians go without any dental care, with damaging consequences for their oral health, general physical health, and self-image. To complete our health care system, it is time to close the gap.

Dental care --- Mouth --- History. --- Care and hygiene --- advertising. --- aging. --- assistance. --- beauty. --- cosmetic dentistry. --- dental hygiene. --- disability. --- disparities. --- education. --- equity. --- etiquette. --- fluoridation. --- gender. --- immigrants. --- implants. --- insurance. --- medicare. --- orthodontics. --- public. --- race. --- rural. --- teeth. --- toothpaste. --- water. --- women.

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This collaborative work provides a detailed snapshot of child oral health in Australia. In doing so, it describes the levels of dental caries and its components, dental fluorosis and other oral health conditions and how they vary by social characteristics. It also describes protective factors such as toothbrushing, the use of fluoridated toothpastes and making dental visits.

Children --- Dental caries in children --- Fluorosis --- Mottled enamel. --- Dental surveys --- Dental care --- National Child Oral Health Study 2012-14. --- fissure sealant use --- australian oral health --- oral hygiene --- national child oral health survey --- children's oral health --- oral health survey --- water fluoridation --- nhmrc --- fluoridated toothpaste --- ncohs --- children's dental visit --- child oral health --- oral health and social inequality --- dental fluorosis --- Confidence interval --- Dentistry --- Permanent teeth --- Physical examination --- Tertiary education --- Tooth decay --- Vocational education

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A fun and fact-filled A-Z treasury for anyone with a head on their shoulders, Neuropedia journeys into the mysteries and marvels of the three pounds of tissue between your ears—the brain. Eric Chudler takes you on a breathtaking tour of the nervous system with dozens of entries that explore the structure and function of the brain and cover topics such as the spinal cord and nerve cells, the methods of neuroscientific research, and the visionary scientists who have dedicated their lives to understanding what makes each of us who we are. The brain has fascinated and puzzled researchers, physicians, and philosophers for thousands of years and captivated us with each new discovery. This compendium of neuroscientific wonders is brimming with facts and insights, helping us to make sense of our current understanding of the nervous system while identifying the frontiers in our knowledge that remain unexplored. Chudler guides readers through a variety of rare and common neurological disorders such as alien hand disorder, Capgras syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke, and discusses the latest brain-imaging methods used to diagnose them. He discusses neurochemicals, neurotoxins, and lifesaving drugs, and offers bold perspectives on human consciousness that enable us to better appreciate our place in nature. With marvelous illustrations by Kelly Chudler, Neuropedia is an informative and entertaining trip into the inner world of the brain.

Brain. --- Brain --- Acetylcholine receptor. --- Acetylcholine. --- Action potential. --- Addiction. --- Agenesis of the corpus callosum. --- Alien hand syndrome. --- Alzheimer's disease. --- Amnesia. --- Amphibian. --- Anger. --- Anterior cerebral artery. --- Anxiolytic. --- Arachnoid mater. --- Astrocyte. --- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. --- Axon terminal. --- Axon. --- Blood vessel. --- Blood-brain barrier. --- Brain damage. --- Brain injury. --- CT scan. --- Catalepsy. --- Cerebellum. --- Cerebral cortex. --- Cerebrospinal fluid. --- Chemical synapse. --- Cocaine. --- Coronavirus. --- Covid-19. --- Cranial nerves. --- Delicacy. --- Dementia with Lewy bodies. --- Dendrite. --- Dextroamphetamine. --- Dopamine. --- Dura mater. --- Electrode. --- Electroencephalography. --- Epilepsy. --- Eye movement. --- Gamma-Aminobutyric acid. --- Headache. --- Hormone. --- Human brain. --- Hypothalamus. --- Insecticide. --- Ion channel. --- James W. Watts. --- L-DOPA. --- Lewy body. --- Local anesthetic. --- MDMA. --- Meningitis. --- Muscle. --- Narcolepsy. --- Nerve agent. --- Neural development. --- Neurological disorder. --- Neuron. --- Neuroscientist. --- Neurotransmitter. --- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. --- Node of Ranvier. --- On Intelligence. --- Oval window. --- Panaeolus. --- Parietal lobe. --- Parkinson's disease. --- Pathology. --- Peripheral nervous system. --- Posterior cerebral artery. --- Princeton University. --- Prosopagnosia. --- Psychology. --- Radio frequency. --- Rapid eye movement sleep. --- Receptor (biochemistry). --- Riluzole. --- Rosemary Kennedy. --- Schizophrenia. --- Scientist. --- Serotonin. --- Short-term memory. --- Sleep disorder. --- Sodium. --- Spatial memory. --- Spina bifida. --- Spinal cord. --- Stimulant. --- Symptom. --- Syndrome. --- Temporal lobe. --- The Canon of Medicine. --- Toothpaste. --- Tourette syndrome. --- Ventricular system. --- Visual Objects. --- Vomiting. --- Wernicke's encephalopathy. --- Anatomy. --- Physiology. --- SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Neuroscience --- PSYCHOLOGY / Neuropsychology