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In this work Beth Simmons presents a fresh view of why governments decided to abide by or defect from the gold standard during the 1920s and 1930s. Previous studies of the spread of the Great Depression have emphasized "tit-for-tat" currency and tariff manipulation and a subsequent cycle of destructive competition. Simmons, on the other hand, analyzes the influence of domestic politics on national responses to the international economy. In so doing, she powerfully confirms that different political regimes choose different economic adjustment strategies.
Gold standard --- International economic relations --- History --- Banque de France. --- Churchill, Winston. --- First World War. --- France. --- Great Britain. --- Keynes, John Maynard. --- Macmillan Committee. --- Moreau, Emile. --- Paris. --- Poincaré, Raymond. --- Robineau, Georges. --- Snowden, Philip. --- United States. --- World Economic Conference at London (1933). --- adjustment. --- balance of payments. --- balance: external. --- cabinet stability. --- capital flight. --- deflation. --- devaluation. --- exchange rates. --- gold standard. --- inflation. --- labor unrest. --- recession. --- strikes. --- tariffs. --- time inconsistency.
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The international development community has been grappling with the challenges of implementing development programs and, consequently, with the design of practical approaches to attaining program objectives. This paper contributes to the emerging discussion on addressing the implementation capacity gap in developing countries. It presents the post-conflict experience of Burundi in building the capacity of its public sector to deliver basic services and demonstrates a practical approach to implementing what has been called problem-driven iterative adaptation. The Leadership for Results approach shows that a results-focused process of learning through disciplined experimentation enables local officials and stakeholders to more willingly learn and adopt new ways of doing things. This approach can be structured to address the time inconsistency between a development program and political or electoral concerns, both of which are critical to overcome implementation challenges.
Banks and Banking Reform --- Capability Trap --- Change Management --- E-Business --- Education --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Implementation Challenges --- Leadership --- Private Sector Development --- Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation --- Public Sector Capacity Building --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measure --- Public Sector Development --- Results --- Science of Delivery --- Teaching and Learning --- Time Inconsistency
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In recent years, typhoons have struck the Philippines and Vanuatu; earthquakes have rocked Haiti, Pakistan, and Nepal; floods have swept through Pakistan and Mozambique; droughts have hit Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia; and more. All led to loss of life and loss of livelihoods, and recovery will take years. One of the likely effects of climate change is to increase the likelihood of the type of extreme weather events that seems to cause these disasters. But do extreme events have to turn into disasters with huge loss of life and suffering? 'Dull Disasters?' harnesses lessons from finance, political science, economics, psychology, and the natural sciences to show how countries and their partners can be far better prepared to deal with disasters.
Emergency management. --- Crisis management. --- Organizational resilience. --- Disaster victims. --- Victims of disasters --- Resilience of organizations --- Crises --- Management of crises --- Consequence management (Emergency management) --- Disaster planning --- Disaster preparedness --- Disaster prevention --- Disaster relief --- Disasters --- Emergencies --- Emergency planning --- Emergency preparedness --- Management --- Planning --- Preparedness --- Prevention --- Victims --- Organizational change --- Problem solving --- Conflict management --- Public safety --- First responders --- Emergency management --- extreme event --- time inconsistency --- natural disaster --- disaster risk finance --- pandemic --- planning --- behavioural psychology --- commitment device --- politics of disaster relief --- Decision-making --- Insurance --- Reinsurance --- Risk management
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