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This study presents the assessment of a viscous throughflow model applied to high subsonic
flow for two modern compressors designed by Safran Aero Boosters. Blades forces
terms resulting from the averaging of the Navier-Stokes equations are computed using
correlations from the literature. In particular, the optimal incidence angle, the profile loss
and the deviation angle are estimated with empirical models. However, these correlations
are not adapted for modern blade geometries and high Mach number flows. Therefore, the
first aim of this work has been to assess the validity of the correlation predictions using a
blade-to-blade approach. The three correlations have been investigated separately. The
comparisons between the correlation predictions and the results of the cascade simulations
used as reference revealed the necessity to calibrate the correlations.
As a result of this observation, the optimal incidence angle is first corrected by adding a
correction factor. The predictions for the profile losses are accurate for the two compressors
once the angle of incidence is corrected. This study mainly focuses on the calibration
of the deviation angle. Three strategies are investigated to calibrate the deviation angle
correlation. The first calibration tunes the empirical coefficients of the correlation via an
algorithm. The second calibration revises the terms included in the correlation and adds
a contribution. These two strategies prove successful. The third method, based on a genetic
algorithm, attempts to generate a polynomial function depending on the geometric
parameters to characterise the deflection angle. This third method still needs to be tuned
for a higher number of cases.
The first two calibrated correlations are implemented in the throughflow model, and the
resulting performance maps are analysed by comparison with higher-fidelity results. The
modified correlations yield significant improvements in performance predictions.
A sensibility analysis is finally carried out based on the stagger angle variability. The
comparison with higher-fidelity results demonstrates the validity and reliability of the
throughflow model with the two enhanced correlations.

Throughflow model --- Correlation --- Deviation angle --- Profile loss --- Optimal incidence --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie aérospatiale

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This master thesis describes the assessment of secondary flows model for a viscous throughflow solver in the scope of two test cases. They are the classic axial compressor stage CME2 and a multi-stage axial low-pressure compressor with highly loaded blades developed by Safran Aero Boosters.

The review of the literature for secondary flow models has shown that geometrical and flow parameters are of great importance in the formulation of these correlations.

By the comparison with three-dimensional RANS simulations, the assessment of the reliability of different types of correlations for design and off-design conditions, various boundary layer thicknesses and blade geometries has shown that the distributions for the total pressure loss coefficient and deviation angle from Roberts are providing the most promising results.

However, the implementation of Roberts’ correlations in theirs current forms in the throughflow model has not shown a substantial improvement in terms of the prediction of performance maps for the two test cases.

Even tough secondary flows physics are still hardly predictable, such models can be completed by additional terms and coefficients for improving preliminary design applications. Some suggestions are discussed at the end of this thesis.

computational fluid dynamics --- meridional plane --- 3D blades --- axial compressor --- Adamczyk's cascade --- deviation angle --- profile loss --- RANS --- throughflow model --- secondary flows --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie aérospatiale

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This volume contains a series of papers prepared for presentation at the 14th International Coral Reef Symposium, originally planned for July 2020 in Bremen, Germany, but postponed until 2021 (online) and 2022 (in person) because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It contains a series of papers illustrating the breadth of modern studies on coral reefs and the response of the reef science community to the threats that coral reefs now face, above all from climate change. The first group of papers focus on the biology of a selection of reef organisms, ranging from sea fans to coral dwelling crabs. The next group describe studies of coral communities and ecological interactions in regions as diverse as Florida, Kenya, Colombia, and Norway. Further papers describe investigations into the effects of global warming (in the Maldives and in Timor-Leste) and of other impacts (UV blockers, ocean acidification). The final two papers describe the latest applications of satellite and camera technology to the challenge of mapping and monitoring reefs.

Research & information: general --- coral reefs --- cox1 --- H3 --- crustacea --- molecular systematics --- morphotypes --- Cassiopea xamachana --- C. frondosa --- Scyphozoan --- planulae --- settlement --- metamorphosis --- oxybenzone --- Gnathiidae --- Isopoda --- climate change --- ocean warming --- coral bleaching --- Great Barrier Reef --- Coral Triangle --- marine biomineralization --- inorganic mineralization --- ocean acidification (OA) --- omega --- dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) --- extracellular calcifying fluid (ECF) --- Maldives --- Indian Ocean --- El Niño --- mass coral bleaching --- coral mortality --- benthic cover --- satellite --- superspectral --- VHR --- topobathymetry --- LULC --- SUSC --- Moorea Island --- long-term mortality series --- population dynamics --- mass mortality --- octocorals --- habitat forming species --- extinction --- survival --- equilibrium points --- symbiodiniaceae --- zoantharians --- Trinidad coral reefs --- zooxanthellate --- biogeography --- Jaffna Peninsula --- coral mortality index --- DNA barcoding --- phylogeny --- biodiversity --- conservation --- ocean acidification --- carbonate chemistry dynamics --- biogeochemical dynamics --- in situ monitoring --- natural variability of environmental conditions --- Lophelia pertusa --- structural complexity --- coral reef --- Caribbean --- overfishing --- parrotfish --- Seaflower Biosphere Reserve --- reef ecology --- reef fish --- structure associations --- artificial structures --- symbiotic algae --- dinoflagellates --- Madagascar --- symbiosis --- coral reef ecosystem --- coral reef resilience --- global warming --- indicator species --- coral reef monitoring --- reef health --- review --- hyperspectral imaging --- marine optics --- ENSO --- temperature --- stable isotope --- coral disease --- coral health --- nutrients --- Indonesian ThroughFlow --- coral reefs --- cox1 --- H3 --- crustacea --- molecular systematics --- morphotypes --- Cassiopea xamachana --- C. frondosa --- Scyphozoan --- planulae --- settlement --- metamorphosis --- oxybenzone --- Gnathiidae --- Isopoda --- climate change --- ocean warming --- coral bleaching --- Great Barrier Reef --- Coral Triangle --- marine biomineralization --- inorganic mineralization --- ocean acidification (OA) --- omega --- dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) --- extracellular calcifying fluid (ECF) --- Maldives --- Indian Ocean --- El Niño --- mass coral bleaching --- coral mortality --- benthic cover --- satellite --- superspectral --- VHR --- topobathymetry --- LULC --- SUSC --- Moorea Island --- long-term mortality series --- population dynamics --- mass mortality --- octocorals --- habitat forming species --- extinction --- survival --- equilibrium points --- symbiodiniaceae --- zoantharians --- Trinidad coral reefs --- zooxanthellate --- biogeography --- Jaffna Peninsula --- coral mortality index --- DNA barcoding --- phylogeny --- biodiversity --- conservation --- ocean acidification --- carbonate chemistry dynamics --- biogeochemical dynamics --- in situ monitoring --- natural variability of environmental conditions --- Lophelia pertusa --- structural complexity --- coral reef --- Caribbean --- overfishing --- parrotfish --- Seaflower Biosphere Reserve --- reef ecology --- reef fish --- structure associations --- artificial structures --- symbiotic algae --- dinoflagellates --- Madagascar --- symbiosis --- coral reef ecosystem --- coral reef resilience --- global warming --- indicator species --- coral reef monitoring --- reef health --- review --- hyperspectral imaging --- marine optics --- ENSO --- temperature --- stable isotope --- coral disease --- coral health --- nutrients --- Indonesian ThroughFlow