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The Special Issue “Refrigeration Systems and Applications” aims to encourage researchers to address the concerns associated with climate change and the sustainability of artificial cold production systems, and to further the transition to the more sustainable technologies and methodologies of tomorrow through theoretical, experimental, and review research on the different applications of refrigeration and associated topics.

artificial neural network --- P-? indicator diagram --- r1234ze(e) --- experimental --- ethylene-glycol nanofluids --- HFO --- magneto-caloric effect --- thermodynamic analysis --- HVAC --- refrigerant reclamation --- domestic refrigeration system --- distillation --- R-410A --- energy efficiency --- energy consumption --- LiCl-H2O --- acetoxy silicone rubber --- exergy analysis --- two-phase ejector --- modelling --- Cu nanofluids --- off-design behaviors --- eddy currents --- heat transfer --- phase change material --- r1234yf --- superheating --- irreversibility --- gadolinium --- CFD --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- CO2 --- chiller energy consumption --- vapor compression system --- thermal energy storage --- heat pump --- nanofluids --- thermodynamic performance --- transiting exergy --- caloric cooling --- solid-state cooling --- LiBr-H2O --- parasitic heat load --- hydraulic turbine --- calculation model --- magnetic refrigeration --- coefficient of performance --- transcritical system --- magnetocaloric effect --- LaFe13 ? x ? yCoxSiy --- twin-screw refrigeration compressor --- absorption refrigeration system --- thermal load --- ejector refrigeration technology --- barocaloric

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Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from centralized structures toward more localized, autonomous, dynamic, and bi-directional energy networks, especially in cities and communities. The ability to isolate from the larger grid makes microgrids resilient, while their capability of forming scalable energy clusters permits the delivery of services that make the grid more sustainable and competitive. Through an optimal design and management process, microgrids could also provide efficient, low-cost, clean energy and help to improve the operation and stability of regional energy systems. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development and gathers contributions on different aspects of microgrids in an aim to impart higher degrees of sustainability and resilience to energy systems.

microgrid --- distribution network operator --- double externalities --- subsidy --- PV system --- PI controller --- fuzzy control --- MPPT --- tracking speed --- error --- Micro Grid --- VSG --- power sharing --- inertia support --- energy support --- small signal stability --- day-ahead operational scheduling --- reconfigurable microgrid --- DRNN Bi-LSTM --- aggregated load forecasting --- bulk photovoltaic power generation forecasting --- solar potential assessment --- resource mapping --- geographic information systems (GIS) --- site selection --- Iran --- earthquake --- power distribution network --- resilience improvement planning --- water distribution network --- load disaggregation --- non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) --- dimensionality reduction --- principal component analysis (PCA) --- smart home --- solar renewable --- thermal load --- stochastic operation --- energy storage --- sustainability --- desalination --- renewable energy --- water–energy-nexus --- photovoltaic grid-connected system --- power fluctuation --- DC bus voltage stabilization --- prescribed performance --- command-filtered adaptive backstepping control --- centralized control architecture --- DC microgrid --- distributed control architecture --- electricity price constraint --- hybrid control architecture --- power flow control strategy --- data pre-processing --- electricity theft --- imbalance data --- parameter tuning --- smart grid

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A Smart City is the perfect environment to study and exploit the interactions between actors because its architecture already integrates vaious elements to collect data and connect to its citizens. Furthermore, the proliferation of web platforms (e.g., social media and web fora) and the increased affordability of sensors and IoT devices (e.g., smart meters) make data related to a large and diverse set of users accessible, as their activities in the digital world reflect their real-life actions. These new technologies can be of great use for the stakeholders as, on the one hand, they provide them with semantically rich inputs and frequent updates at a relatively cheap cost and, on the other, form a direct channel of communication with the citizens. To fully exploit these new data sources, we need both novel computational methods (e.g., AI, data mining algorithms, knowledge representation) that are suitable for analyzing and understanding the dynamics behind energy consumption and also a deeper understanding of how these methods can be integrated into the existing design and decision processes (e.g., human-in-the-loop processes).Therefore, this Special Issue welcomed original multidisciplinary research works about AI, data science methods, and their integration in existing design/decision-making processes in the domain of energy consumption in Smart Cities.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- building energy flexibility --- HOMER software --- peak clipping --- load shifting --- energy saving --- building performance assessment --- indoor environment quality --- occupants’ satisfaction --- post-occupancy evaluation --- Green Building Index --- tropical climate --- building performance simulation --- CO2 emission --- occupant’s comfort --- window allocation --- climate change --- energy consumption --- building energy load --- thermal load --- future weather --- operative temperature --- cooling load --- daily energy need --- solar gains --- nZEB --- historical buildings --- TRNSYS --- buildings retrofitting --- buildings office --- economic feasibility --- Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) --- Zero Energy District (ZED) --- Digital Twin (DT) --- Building Information Modelling (BIM) --- Geographic Information System (GIS) --- Revit software’s --- asymmetric duty cycle control --- bifilar coil --- pulse duty cycle control --- induction heating --- metal melting --- phase shift control --- pulse density modulation --- series resonant inverter --- variable frequency control --- building operation and maintenance --- extended reality --- virtual reality --- augmented reality --- mixed reality --- immersive technologies --- digital twins --- metaverse --- positive energy district --- district energy infrastructure --- decarbonisation of neighbourhoods --- GIS --- energy transition --- smart city policy --- carbon emission intensity --- digital transformation --- green innovation --- difference-in-differences --- n/a --- occupants' satisfaction --- occupant's comfort --- Revit software's