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Ouagadougou fait face à une forte demande de logements, combinée à un important étalement urbain. La construction de bâtiments à plusieurs étages en briques de terre comprimée (BTC) offre une solution durable et résiliente à ces problèmes. Malgré ces avantages, la BTC est souvent associée à des constructions de mauvaise qualité. La population lui préfère des matériaux associés à une architecture d'inspiration occidentale, qui ne sont pas adaptés aux conditions climatiques locales. Promouvoir l'utilisation de la BTC dans une architecture bioclimatique de haut standing pourrait améliorer les conditions de vie tout en valorisant les ressources locales.
Après une analyse du contexte local, trois archétypes d'habitats bioclimatiques ont été conçus en collaboration avec des experts en architecture de terre crue du Burkina Faso. Les performances structurelles et thermiques de ces habitats sont évaluées à l'aide de simulations.
Trois archétypes d'habitat bioclimatique en BTC sont conçus : un immeuble de cinq étages, un immeuble de trois étages et une villa de deux étages. Des recommandations sont formulées pour la construction de murs porteurs sur plusieurs niveaux en BTC. En termes de confort thermique, les immeubles à appartements sont nettement plus performants que les villas. Une différence de près de 60 % de degrés-heures d’inconfort est observée entre ces deux types de bâtiments. La construction d'un immeuble de trois étages semble être la solution la mieux adaptée aux problèmes actuels de Ouagadougou, offrant un bon confort thermique tout en permettant la densification de l'environnement bâti avec des BTC à faible impact environnemental.
Ces résultats contribuent à développer les connaissances liées à la construction de bâtiments en BTC sur plusieurs niveaux et à l’amélioration du confort thermique au Burkina Faso. Ils constituent des références pour les professionnels du secteur immobilier et les populations locales, favorisant ainsi la diffusion de cette technologie. Cette étude démontre les avantages de la construction d’immeubles à appartements en BTC, encourageant maîtres d'ouvrage, promoteurs et pouvoirs publics à entreprendre et à soutenir de tels projets.

Terre crue, passive cooling, sustainable building, thermal comfort, design solution, simulation --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Architecture

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The book presents the current state of the art for assessing the overheating risk of buildings. This includes the main effects and correlations related to site climate (including meso- and microclimate), comfort assessment, building-occupant interaction, and building design. Findings and action strategies are summarised.

Technology & Engineering / Materials Science / General. --- Façade systems. --- Overheating risk assessment. --- Person- building interaction. --- Thermal comfort rating. --- Urban meso- and microclimate.

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As the century begins, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development. As a result, the balance between man and nature has been disrupted, with climatic changes whose effects are starting to be irreversible. Due to the relationship between the quality of the indoor built environment and its energy demand, thermal comfort issues are still relevant in the disciplinary debate. This is also because the indoor environment has a potential impact on occupants' health and productivity, affecting their physical and psychological conditions. To achieve a sustainable compromise in terms of comfort and energy requirements, several challenging questions must be answered with regard to design, technical, engineering, psychological, and physiological issues and, finally, potential interactions with other IEQ issues that require a holistic way to conceive the building envelope design. This Special Issue collected original research and review articles on innovative designs, systems, and/or control domains that can enhance thermal comfort, work productivity, and wellbeing in a built environment, along with works considering the integration of human factors in buildings’ energy performance.

History of engineering & technology --- smart broiler chamber --- ventilation system --- wind velocity --- age of air --- computational fluid dynamics --- simulation analysis --- user awareness --- energy consumption --- individual metering --- feedback strategies --- N-ZEB --- IoT --- Trombe wall --- thermal comfort --- passive heating systems --- heat accumulation --- thermal comfort models --- thermal comfort assessment --- Fanger’s models --- moderate environments --- sport facilities --- desert cooler --- evaporative cooling --- indoor air quality --- liquid desiccant --- effectiveness model --- moisture removal --- PMV --- comfort indices --- software --- app --- building simulation --- health and comfort --- evaluation indicators --- work environments --- indoor environmental quality --- indoor comfort --- human health --- clothing thermal insulation --- thermoregulation model --- Tanabe model --- infrared camera --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- hybrid ventilation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- internet of things (IoT) --- soft-sensor --- convolution neural networks --- draught --- cooling period --- open office --- thermal sensation --- biological structure and composition --- tissue temperature --- bioheat model --- MRI analysis --- sensitivity analysis

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As the century begins, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development. As a result, the balance between man and nature has been disrupted, with climatic changes whose effects are starting to be irreversible. Due to the relationship between the quality of the indoor built environment and its energy demand, thermal comfort issues are still relevant in the disciplinary debate. This is also because the indoor environment has a potential impact on occupants' health and productivity, affecting their physical and psychological conditions. To achieve a sustainable compromise in terms of comfort and energy requirements, several challenging questions must be answered with regard to design, technical, engineering, psychological, and physiological issues and, finally, potential interactions with other IEQ issues that require a holistic way to conceive the building envelope design. This Special Issue collected original research and review articles on innovative designs, systems, and/or control domains that can enhance thermal comfort, work productivity, and wellbeing in a built environment, along with works considering the integration of human factors in buildings’ energy performance.

History of engineering & technology --- smart broiler chamber --- ventilation system --- wind velocity --- age of air --- computational fluid dynamics --- simulation analysis --- user awareness --- energy consumption --- individual metering --- feedback strategies --- N-ZEB --- IoT --- Trombe wall --- thermal comfort --- passive heating systems --- heat accumulation --- thermal comfort models --- thermal comfort assessment --- Fanger’s models --- moderate environments --- sport facilities --- desert cooler --- evaporative cooling --- indoor air quality --- liquid desiccant --- effectiveness model --- moisture removal --- PMV --- comfort indices --- software --- app --- building simulation --- health and comfort --- evaluation indicators --- work environments --- indoor environmental quality --- indoor comfort --- human health --- clothing thermal insulation --- thermoregulation model --- Tanabe model --- infrared camera --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- hybrid ventilation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- internet of things (IoT) --- soft-sensor --- convolution neural networks --- draught --- cooling period --- open office --- thermal sensation --- biological structure and composition --- tissue temperature --- bioheat model --- MRI analysis --- sensitivity analysis --- smart broiler chamber --- ventilation system --- wind velocity --- age of air --- computational fluid dynamics --- simulation analysis --- user awareness --- energy consumption --- individual metering --- feedback strategies --- N-ZEB --- IoT --- Trombe wall --- thermal comfort --- passive heating systems --- heat accumulation --- thermal comfort models --- thermal comfort assessment --- Fanger’s models --- moderate environments --- sport facilities --- desert cooler --- evaporative cooling --- indoor air quality --- liquid desiccant --- effectiveness model --- moisture removal --- PMV --- comfort indices --- software --- app --- building simulation --- health and comfort --- evaluation indicators --- work environments --- indoor environmental quality --- indoor comfort --- human health --- clothing thermal insulation --- thermoregulation model --- Tanabe model --- infrared camera --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- hybrid ventilation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- internet of things (IoT) --- soft-sensor --- convolution neural networks --- draught --- cooling period --- open office --- thermal sensation --- biological structure and composition --- tissue temperature --- bioheat model --- MRI analysis --- sensitivity analysis

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This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.

cooling effect --- urban park --- thermal comfort --- physiological equivalent temperature --- perceived thermal comfort --- urban heat island --- air temperature --- sustainable cities --- smart cities --- urban health --- global warming --- urban green spaces --- sustainable urban development --- climate change mitigation and adaptation --- urban resilience  --- heatwaves --- urban overheating --- urban heat island intensity --- energy budget equation --- sensible heat flux --- latent heat flux --- advective heat flux --- Australian climatic conditions --- coastal cities --- desert climate --- surface urban heat island effect --- land use/land cover --- partial least square regression --- nonlinear programming --- Shanghai --- China --- urban form --- urban microclimate design --- city --- sustainability --- sustainable development --- cool roof --- passive radiative cooling --- metamaterials --- prototype