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This Special Issue (SI) deals with different end-users’ perspectives on newly developed energy policy and technology. Although the importance of end-users’ preferences is not totally new to the energy sector, this issue needs to be urgently and consistently addressed if new policies, projects, and technologies are to be introduced successfully. The eight papers included in this SI are focused on various issues such as modeling the future energy demand, household energy consumption behavior, public perceptions of new energy technologies and projects, and ICT–energy efficiency interrelationship. Some papers also analyze end-users’ experiences with recently introduced energy technologies. Based on these eight articles with various topics, this SI will provide fruitful insights in assessing and forecasting the evolution of the future energy sector. I hope this SI can contribute to the increase in communication and cooperation among academic researchers as well as practitioners in energy fields.

Research & information: general --- energy demand --- CO2 emissions --- Indonesia --- households --- energy consumption --- pro-environmental behavior --- conceptual framework --- energy technology --- energy security --- public opinion --- cost-benefit analysis --- energy strategy --- improved cook stoves --- Honduras --- occupant behaviour --- socio-economic profile --- survey --- energy efficiency --- persuasion --- intervention --- pro-environmental behaviour change --- workplace --- choice experiment --- renewable energy --- willingness to accept --- multinomial logit models --- LCOE --- stochastic --- solar PV --- South Korea --- data center --- thermal characteristics analysis --- machine learning --- clustering --- unsupervised learning

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Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.

n/a --- Boudouard reaction in gasification --- Chinese reed --- underground coal gasification --- food waste --- kinetic models --- fixed bed combustor --- reactor modelling --- AAEMs --- anaerobic digestion --- grape marc --- adsorption isotherms --- Texaco pilot plant --- biomass valorization --- food waste compost --- CH4 adsorption --- gaseous emissions --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) --- waste wood --- coconut shells --- kinetic model --- char oxidation --- low-rank coal char --- nutrients --- characteristic time analysis --- kinetic parameters --- ash from biomass --- combustion parameters --- biomass --- thermal characteristics --- biocrude --- reaction kinetics --- sludge cake --- gasification --- pellets --- characterization --- ash layer --- energy recovery efficiency --- internal diffusion resistance --- FT-IR --- giant miscanthus --- pyrolysis --- olive mill solid wastes (OMSWs) --- food-waste biochar --- melting phenomenon --- chemisorption --- steam gasification --- NaCl template --- biomass production --- textural characterization --- desalination --- ash fusion temperature (AFT) --- thermogravimetric analysis --- combustion --- chemical speciation --- sawdust --- NaCl --- effective diffusion coefficient --- kinetics --- breakthrough curves --- biochar engineering --- biochar --- amino acid --- high heating value (HHV) --- salty food waste --- ELECTRE III --- interferences --- multicriteria model --- pyrrole --- interactions --- biogas purification --- fertilisation --- NOx --- pyrolysis conditions --- steam --- partial combustion reaction in gasification --- CO2 adsorption --- poultry slaughterhouse --- hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) --- calorific value --- oxygen enrichment --- porosity --- nitrogen --- hydrothermal carbonization --- thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- MTDATA --- activated carbon --- active site