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The updated edition of the third of three vollumes on Medical Physics presents modern physical methods for medical therapy with a focus on tumor treatment. It provides background information on radiation biology, radiation response of tissues, and linear energy transfer through radiation. Therapies with external radiation sources (x-rays, protons, neutrons) as well as internal radiation sources (brachytherapy) are discussed in detail. Other chapters deal with the use of lasers and nanoparticles in modern medicine. This volume closes with a short chapter on medical statistics. NEW: highlighted boxes emphasize specifi c topics; math boxes explain more advanced mathematical issues; each chapter concludes with a summary of the key concepts, questions, exercises, and a self-assessment of the acquired competence. The appendix provides answers to questions and solutions to exercises.

Biophysics. --- Health Physics. --- Technology, Radiologic. --- Radiotherapy. --- Radiothérapie. --- Biophysique. --- Physique médicale. --- Brachytherapy. --- Laser applications. --- Radiobiology. --- Theranostic nanoparticles. --- Medical physics

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Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successful polymers used for producing therapeutic devices, such as drug carriers (DC). PLGA is one of the few polymers that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for human administration due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, DC produced with PLGA has gained enormous attention for its versatility in transporting different type of drugs, e.g., hydrophilic or hydrophobic small molecules, or macromolecules with a controlled drug release without modifying the physiochemical properties of the drugs. These drug delivery systems have the possibility/potential to modify their surface properties with functional groups, peptides, or other coatings to improve the interactions with biological materials. Furthermore, they present the possibility to be conjugated with specific target molecules to reach specific tissues or cells. They are also used for different therapeutic applications, such as in vaccinations, cancer treatment, neurological disorder treatment, and as anti-inflammatory agents. This book aims to focus on the recent progress of PLGA as a drug carrier and their new pharmaceutical applications.

Medicine --- PLGA --- nanoscaled drug delivery --- LED --- cancer --- serum stability --- reactive oxygen species --- cellular uptake --- terahertz spectroscopy --- microspheres --- drug delivery --- formulation development --- molecular mobility --- vitamin E --- tocopherol --- PLA --- core-shell nanoparticles --- controlled drug release --- BMP-2 --- PLGA nanoparticles --- Pluronic F68 --- oxaliplatin --- hydrogel --- intra-abdominal anti-adhesion barrier --- colorectal cancer --- experimental design --- fractional factorial design --- O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein --- glioblastoma multiforme --- smart nanocarriers --- folic acid --- verteporfin --- cisplatin --- SKOV-3 cells --- CHO-K1 cells --- electroporation --- theranostic cargo --- double emulsion approach --- NSAIDs --- polymeric film --- topical drug delivery --- trolamine salicylate --- triamcinolone acetonide --- microcrystal --- PLGA microsphere --- local delivery --- spray-drying technique --- intra-articular injection --- joint retention --- systemic exposure --- gadolinium --- drug release --- polymeric nanocarrier --- sorafenib --- theranostic nanoparticles --- PLGA-PEG --- nanoparticles --- platelet --- activation --- aggregation --- binding --- uptake --- tissue engineering --- Huntington's disease --- siRNA --- microcarriers --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- drug delivery systems --- microfluidics --- microparticles --- BMP-2-microspheres --- hydrogel system --- 17-βestradiol release --- bone regeneration --- osteoporosis --- poly-lactide-co-glycolide --- polylactic acid --- alginate --- ophthalmic drug delivery --- dexamethasone --- PLGA-NPs --- nanomedicine --- gastrointestinal tract --- paclitaxel --- in vivo imaging --- controlled release --- risperidone --- microcapsules --- oleogels --- electron microscopy --- three-dimensional X-ray imaging --- nano-CT --- biodegradable polymers --- hydroxy-stearic acid --- PLGA nanocapsules --- magnetic resonance imaging --- photoluminescence --- magnetic targeting --- multimodal imaging --- theranostics --- silicon --- microsphere