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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Tetraspanins --- immune cells --- Infection --- Vaccines --- Cell Membrane

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Immunology --- Tetraspanins --- immune cells --- Infection --- Vaccines --- Cell Membrane

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Biological membranes protect cells and organelles from the surrounding environment, but serve also as organising platforms for physiological processes such as cell signalling. The hydrophobic core of membranes is composed of lipids and proteins influencing each other. Local membrane composition and properties define its molecular organisation and, in this way, regulate the function of all associated molecules. Therefore, studying interactions of components, biophysical properties and overall membrane dynamics provides essential information on its function in the context of cell activities. Such knowledge can contribute to biomedical fields such as pharmacology, immunology, neurobiology and many others. The goal of the Research Topic entitled ‘Molecular organisation of membranes: where biology meets biophysics’ was to provide a comprehensive platform for publishing articles, reviews and opinions focused on membrane organisation and the forces behind its heterogeneous and dynamic structure. We collected 11 works which cover topics as diverse as general membrane organisation models, membrane trafficking and signalling regulation, biogenesis of caveolae, protein-lipid interactions and the importance of membrane-associated tetraspanins networks. The prevalent theme was the existence of membrane nanodomains. To this point, new emerging technologies are presented which own the power to bring a novel insight on how membrane nanodomains are formed and maintained and what is their function. We believe that the collection of works in this Research Topic brings forward some important questions which will stimulate further research in this difficult but exciting field.

Cell Membrane --- Caveolae --- Superresolution microscopy --- Nanodomains --- Membrane trafficking --- Membrane properties --- fluorescence microscopy --- Tetraspanins

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Designing immunotherapeutics, drugs, and anti-inflammatory reagents has been at the forefront of autoimmune research, in particular multiple sclerosis, for over 20 years. Delivery methods that are used to modulate effective and long-lasting immune responses have been the major focus. This Special Issue focused on delivery methods to be used for vaccines, immunotherapeutic approaches, drug design, and anti-inflammatories and their outcomes in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

Medicine --- multiple sclerosis --- inflammation --- oxidative --- biomarker --- sample size --- autoimmune encephalitis --- plasma exchange --- autoimmunity --- immunotherapeutics --- clinical outcomes --- major depression --- bupropion --- S-adenosylmethionine --- vitamin D3 --- yoga --- craniopharyngioma --- fractionated stereotactic radiation treatments --- sphenoid sinusitis --- cranial nerve-VI palsy --- autoimmune diseases --- immune thrombocytopenic purpura --- alemtuzumab --- antibodies against GluR3 peptide --- cognitive impairment --- diagnosis --- neuropsychological assessment --- short intracortical inhibition --- intracortical facilitation --- fampridine --- walking disability --- TSPAN32 --- tetraspanins --- cellular immunity --- memory T cells --- tDCS --- neuroimaging --- positron emission tomography --- cerebral blood flow --- probiotics --- Streptococcus thermophilus --- ST285 --- MBP83–99 peptide --- mannan --- immune modulation --- agonist peptide --- gut microbiome --- gut–brain axis --- metagenomics --- disease-modifying treatments --- MS --- vaccine --- immunomodulation --- carriers --- B cell receptor --- delivery methods --- immunotherapy --- monoclonal antibodies --- T cell receptor --- tolerance --- diagnostic markers --- immunoglobulins --- kappa --- free light chains --- antigen-specific immunotherapies --- tolerogenic vaccines --- tolerance induction --- central nervous system --- myelin peptides --- myelin basic protei --- proteolipid protein --- myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein --- nanotechnology --- drug delivery nanosystems --- lipids --- polymers --- vaccines --- nanoparticles --- antigen-specific immunotherapy --- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis --- neurodegeneration --- chloroquine --- EAE --- dendritic cells --- microglia --- astrocytes --- oligodendrocytes --- conformational analysis --- peptides --- altered peptide ligands --- NMR spectroscopy --- NOE-constraints --- molecular dynamic --- trimolecular complex --- Multiple Sclerosis --- early-onset --- adult-onset --- Human Leucocyte Antigens --- immunogenetics --- clinical phenotype --- clinical outcome --- therapeutics --- antibody detection --- ELISA --- multivalency --- N-glucosylated peptide epitopes --- peptide --- conjugation --- MOG35-55 --- Graphite/SiO2 electrode --- voltammetry --- HPLC --- MS drugs --- multiple sclerosis --- inflammation --- oxidative --- biomarker --- sample size --- autoimmune encephalitis --- plasma exchange --- autoimmunity --- immunotherapeutics --- clinical outcomes --- major depression --- bupropion --- S-adenosylmethionine --- vitamin D3 --- yoga --- craniopharyngioma --- fractionated stereotactic radiation treatments --- sphenoid sinusitis --- cranial nerve-VI palsy --- autoimmune diseases --- immune thrombocytopenic purpura --- alemtuzumab --- antibodies against GluR3 peptide --- cognitive impairment --- diagnosis --- neuropsychological assessment --- short intracortical inhibition --- intracortical facilitation --- fampridine --- walking disability --- TSPAN32 --- tetraspanins --- cellular immunity --- memory T cells --- tDCS --- neuroimaging --- positron emission tomography --- cerebral blood flow --- probiotics --- Streptococcus thermophilus --- ST285 --- MBP83–99 peptide --- mannan --- immune modulation --- agonist peptide --- gut microbiome --- gut–brain axis --- metagenomics --- disease-modifying treatments --- MS --- vaccine --- immunomodulation --- carriers --- B cell receptor --- delivery methods --- immunotherapy --- monoclonal antibodies --- T cell receptor --- tolerance --- diagnostic markers --- immunoglobulins --- kappa --- free light chains --- antigen-specific immunotherapies --- tolerogenic vaccines --- tolerance induction --- central nervous system --- myelin peptides --- myelin basic protei --- proteolipid protein --- myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein --- nanotechnology --- drug delivery nanosystems --- lipids --- polymers --- vaccines --- nanoparticles --- antigen-specific immunotherapy --- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis --- neurodegeneration --- chloroquine --- EAE --- dendritic cells --- microglia --- astrocytes --- oligodendrocytes --- conformational analysis --- peptides --- altered peptide ligands --- NMR spectroscopy --- NOE-constraints --- molecular dynamic --- trimolecular complex --- Multiple Sclerosis --- early-onset --- adult-onset --- Human Leucocyte Antigens --- immunogenetics --- clinical phenotype --- clinical outcome --- therapeutics --- antibody detection --- ELISA --- multivalency --- N-glucosylated peptide epitopes --- peptide --- conjugation --- MOG35-55 --- Graphite/SiO2 electrode --- voltammetry --- HPLC --- MS drugs