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Long ago, fish fins evolved into the limbs of land vertebrates and tetrapods. During this transition, some elements of the fin were carried over while new features developed. Lizard limbs, bird wings, and human arms and legs are therefore all evolutionary modifications of the original tetrapod limb. A comprehensive look at the current state of research on fin and limb evolution and development, this volume addresses a wide range of subjects-including growth, structure, maintenance, function, and regeneration. Divided into sections on evolution, development, and transformations, the book begins with a historical introduction to the study of fins and limbs and goes on to consider the evolution of limbs into wings as well as adaptations associated with specialized modes of life, such as digging and burrowing. Fins into Limbs also discusses occasions when evolution appears to have been reversed-in whales, for example, whose front limbs became flippers when they reverted to the water-as well as situations in which limbs are lost, such as in snakes. With contributions from world-renowned researchers, Fins into Limbs will be a font for further investigations in the changing field of evolutionary developmental biology.

Extremities (Anatomy) --- Limbs (Anatomy) --- Anatomy --- Evolution. --- regeneration, function, maintenance, structure, growth, development, evolution, fin, limb, biology, zoology, science, fish, land vertebrates, tetrapods, bird, wings, lizard, modification, adaptation, digging, burrowing, skeletal changes, transition, locomotion, aquatic, flight, nonfiction, digit reduction, ossicles, sesamoids, reptiles, amphibians, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis.

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The microscopic examination of fossilized bone tissue is a sophisticated and increasingly important analytical tool for understanding the life history of ancient organisms. This book provides an essential primer and manual for using fossil bone histology to investigate the biology of extinct tetrapods. Twelve experts summarize advances in the field over the past three decades, reviewing fundamental basics of bone microanatomy and physiology. Research specimen selection, thin-section preparation, and data analysis are addressed in detail. The authors also outline methods and issues in bone growth rate calculation and chronological age determination, as well as how to examine broader questions of behavior, ecology, and evolution by studying the microstructure of bone.

Vertebrates, Fossil --- Paleohistology. --- Bone histology, Fossil --- Fossil bone histology --- Palaeohistology --- Histology --- Paleontology --- Chordata, Fossil --- Microstructure. --- Microstructure --- allosaurus. --- ancient organisms. --- animals. --- archosaurs. --- behavior. --- biological anthropology. --- biology. --- birds. --- bone growth rate. --- bone histology. --- bone matrix. --- bone microanatomy. --- chronological age determination. --- data analysis. --- ecology. --- engaging. --- evolution. --- extinct tetrapods. --- fossil bone histology. --- fossilized bone tissue. --- fossilized. --- fossils. --- history. --- life sciences. --- microanatomy. --- microscopic examination. --- natural science. --- organisms. --- paleontology. --- phenomenon. --- physiology. --- popular science. --- science. --- skeletons. --- zoology.