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community --- social problems --- sociology --- territorial development --- education

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Avec une population urbaine estimee a 43% en 2016, la proportion de la population urbaine de laRepublique democratique du Congo est la troisieme plus importante en Afrique subsaharienne, aprescelle de l'Afrique du Sud et du Nigeria. Avec un taux d'urbanisation de 4.1% par an, les villes congolaisesaccueillent ainsi, chaque annee, 1 million de citadins supplementaires. Si cette tendance se poursuit, lapopulation urbaine pourrait doubler en l'espace de 15 ans seulement. De plus, avec ses 12 millionsd'habitants et un taux de croissance de 5.1% par an, Kinshasa pourrait devenir d'ici 2030 la ville la pluspeuplee d'Afrique.Cette forte croissance urbaine s'accompagne de deux defis majeurs : d'une part, celui de rendre les villeshabitables et inclusives en repondant a la forte demande de services sociaux et d'infrastructures,d'education, de sante et d'autres services de base et a l'importante pauvrete urbaine, et d'autre part, celuide rendre les villes plus productives grace a une meilleure concentration de l'activite economique.La Revue de l'Urbanisation de la Republique democratique du Congo montre que le pays s'urbanise a desrythmes differents, et identifie 5 regions (Est, Sud, Centre, Ouest et Bassin du Congo) qui presente des defiset des opportunites qui leur sont speficiques. La Revue propose des mesures de politiques publiques soustrois ensembles d'instruments" les "3 Is" (Institutions, Infrastructures et Interventions) pour aider chaqueregion a repondre a ses besoins specifiques tout en tirant parti des effets d'agglomeration economique.Ainsi, il est propose pour les regions a urbanisation naissante (region de l'est) d'investir dans lesInstitutions courantes qui regulent les marches (foncier par exemple), et fournissent les services de base.A mesure que l'on progresse vers un stage d'urbanisation intermediaire (regions du sud et du centre) etque les marches se consolident, les Infrastructures de liaison extra-urbaines et intra-urbaines deviennentessentielles. Les infrastructures de transport qui relient les villes et l'arriere-pays rural peuvent integrer lesmarches de produits, accroitre le commerce inter-regional et faciliter la specialisation economique. Dansles regions a urbanisation avancee (region de l'ouest), les priorites consistent a consolider les institutions,accroitre les investissements en infrastructures de liaison et renforcer les Interventions ciblees ainsi queles actions a mener pour reduire la formation des quartiers precaires a Kinshasa, par exemple.La Republique democratique du Congo est a la croisee des chemins. La recente baisse des prix desmatieres premieres pourrait etre l'occasion pour le pays de diversifier son economie et d'investir dans lesecteur manufacturier. Le moment est indique pour que les decideurs congolais investissent dans desvilles capables d'etre le moteur de la transformation structurelle du pays et d'une meilleure integrationavec les marches africains et mondiaux afin de conduire le pays sur la voie de l'emergence.

Conflict --- French Translation --- Growth --- Inclusive Cities --- Infrastructure --- Kinshasa --- Land --- Mobility --- Resilience --- Slum --- Territorial Development --- Urban Planning --- Urbanization

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This paper examines how cities and regions within countries are likely to adjust to trade openness and improved connectivity driven by large transport investments from China's Belt and Road Initiative. The paper presents a quantitative economic geography model alongside spatially detailed information on the location of people, economic activity, and transport costs to international gateways in Central Asia to identify which places are likely to gain and which places are likely to lose. The findings are that urban hubs near border crossings will disproportionately gain while farther out regions with little comparative advantage will be relative losers. Complementary investments in domestic transport networks and trade facilitation are complementary policies and can help in spatially spreading the benefits. However, barriers to domestic labor mobility exacerbate spatial inequalities whilst dampening overall welfare.

Connectivity --- Geospatial Economics --- International Economics and Trade --- Labor Mobility --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Territorial Development --- Trade Liberalization --- Transport --- Transport Corridors --- Urban Hubs

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Aggregated Book.

Sustainable architecture. --- Architecture. --- Building Design. --- Building Energy Performance. --- Climatic Adaptation. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Freight Transportation System. --- Life Cycle Assessment. --- Sustainability. --- Sustainable Urban Development. --- Territorial Development. --- Transport Infrastructure. --- Urban Planning. --- Urbanisation.

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This thesis on cultural and political geography provides a list of factors that have favoured the accelerated growth of the Romanian community residing in the Brussels-Capital Region. According to official data, in 2020 Romanians represent, for the third consecutive year, the second largest community of foreigners in Brussels, after the French. 
The study, which is based on combined techniques of qualitative and quantitative research and which involved ten months of complete immersion of the author in the studied community, signals the emergence of a new migratory flow composed of Romanians belonging to a middle class who chose emigration as a last resort. achieving a standard of living commensurate with their professional training. The study also provides, for the first time, a map of the distribution of Romanians in the nineteen communes of the Brussels-Capital Region and a comparative analysis in relation to other ethnic groups with strong representation in the Belgian capital.

migration --- Romania --- Brussels --- Belgium --- sense of place --- middle class --- Eastern Europe --- migratory flows --- ethnic communities --- cultural geography --- political geography --- urban sociology --- territorial development --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Géographie humaine & démographie