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620.172 --- 620.172 Tensile tests under steady or gradually increasing load --- Tensile tests under steady or gradually increasing load --- Fibrous composites --- Testing.

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The demand for cast iron components, with weights ranging from a few kilograms to several tons, has increased significantly in recent years, both for technical and economic reasons. In fact, the lower cost compared to other alloys, and the good castability, which allow one to obtain near-net shape components in as-cast conditions, and the mechanical properties that can be obtained, are just some of the motivations that attract mechanical designers. However, correct design requires a good knowledge of the intrinsic correlation among alloy chemical composition, process parameters, microstructure (with casting defects) and mechanical properties. This book is aimed at collecting excellent and recent research experimental and theoretical works in this filed. Technological (say, wear resistance and weldability) and mechanical properties (say, Young modulus, static and fatigue strength) of different grades of cast irons, ranging from solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron to compacted graphite iron as well as white and nodular cast irons, are correlated with the alloy chemical composition, process parameters and casting dimension.

History of engineering & technology --- boundary element method (BEM) --- periodic boundary conditions --- representative volume elements (RVEs) --- effective elastic properties --- homogenization --- lamellar graphite iron --- ultimate tensile strength --- primary austenite --- gravity casting process simulation --- nodular cast iron --- effective Young's modulus --- computational homogenization --- multiscale numerical methods --- micro-CT --- finite elements --- silicon solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron --- thickness --- solidification time --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- fatigue --- thermal analysis --- weldability --- pre-heating --- spheroidal graphite cast iron --- ductile cast irons --- tensile tests --- plasticity modelling --- compacted graphite iron --- minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) --- drilling machinability --- dry machining --- ductile iron --- cooling rate --- segregation --- cast iron --- high-chromium --- abrasive wear --- niobium alloying --- high chromium cast irons --- eutectic carbide --- carbide volume fraction --- chemical composition --- image analysis --- simulation --- MatCalc --- hardness --- boundary element method (BEM) --- periodic boundary conditions --- representative volume elements (RVEs) --- effective elastic properties --- homogenization --- lamellar graphite iron --- ultimate tensile strength --- primary austenite --- gravity casting process simulation --- nodular cast iron --- effective Young's modulus --- computational homogenization --- multiscale numerical methods --- micro-CT --- finite elements --- silicon solution strengthened ferritic ductile iron --- thickness --- solidification time --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- fatigue --- thermal analysis --- weldability --- pre-heating --- spheroidal graphite cast iron --- ductile cast irons --- tensile tests --- plasticity modelling --- compacted graphite iron --- minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) --- drilling machinability --- dry machining --- ductile iron --- cooling rate --- segregation --- cast iron --- high-chromium --- abrasive wear --- niobium alloying --- high chromium cast irons --- eutectic carbide --- carbide volume fraction --- chemical composition --- image analysis --- simulation --- MatCalc --- hardness

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In several industrial fields (such as automotive, steelmaking, aerospace, and fire protection systems) metals need to withstand a combination of cyclic loadings and high temperatures. In this condition, they usually exhibit an amount—more or less pronounced—of plastic deformation, often accompanied by creep or stress-relaxation phenomena. Plastic deformation under the action of cyclic loadings may cause fatigue cracks to appear, eventually leading to failures after a few cycles. In estimating the material strength under such loading conditions, the high-temperature material behavior needs to be considered against cyclic loading and creep, the experimental strength to isothermal/non-isothermal cyclic loadings and, not least of all, the choice and experimental calibration of numerical material models and the selection of the most comprehensive design approach. This book is a series of recent scientific contributions addressing several topics in the field of experimental characterization and physical-based modeling of material behavior and design methods against high-temperature loadings, with emphasis on the correlation between microstructure and strength. Several material types are considered, from stainless steel, aluminum alloys, Ni-based superalloys, spheroidal graphite iron, and copper alloys. The quality of scientific contributions in this book can assist scholars and scientists with their research in the field of metal plasticity, creep, and low-cycle fatigue.

aluminum cast --- partial constraint --- n/a --- fatigue criterion --- thermo-mechanical fatigue --- stress relaxation aging behavior --- stainless steel --- constitutive models --- environmentally-assisted cracking --- initial stress levels --- slip system-based shear stresses --- thermomechanical fatigue --- activation volume --- engineering design --- pore distribution --- experimental set-ups --- tensile tests --- elevated temperature --- creep --- economy --- LCF --- fatigue strength --- hardening/softening --- hardness --- pore accumulation --- defects --- kinematic model --- Sanicro 25 --- probabilistic design --- AA7150-T7751 --- strain rate --- crack growth models --- bcc --- probabilistic Schmid factors --- isotropic model --- crack-tip cyclic plasticity --- anisotropy --- creep fatigue --- X-ray micro computer tomography --- temperature --- transient effects --- aluminum-silicon cylinder head --- spheroidal cast iron --- Probabilistic modeling --- pre-strain --- crack-tip blunting and sharpening --- high temperature steels --- lost foam --- thermal–mechanical fatigue --- cyclic plasticity --- flow stress --- Ni-base superalloy --- pure fatigue --- René80 --- polycrystalline FEA --- constitutive modelling --- thermal-mechanical fatigue --- René80

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Developments in the science and technology of textiles are not only limited to apparel and fashion. Certainly, there are research efforts aimed at improving the construction and processing of textiles for clothing—such as studies on cleaner production to reduce environmental impact, increasing the utilization of fibers and process chemicals from renewable resources, and on the recycling of materials from post-consumer waste apparel back into the manufacturing of new clothing articles. In addition, technological concepts developed for the creation of clothing over the centuries are now being investigated for use in a diverse array of fields—such as in the manufacture of engineering composites, personal protective equipment, and medicine. Further, developments in other fields—such as electronics, nanotechnology, and information and communication technologies—are being investigated for their incorporation into apparel and clothing to create “smart textiles”. The aim of this Special Issue is to put together a collection of scientific reports on such efforts to highlight the range of scientific and technological issues that are being targeted and the ingenuity of the methodologies employed to find answers. It is hoped that readers of this issue will come away with an appreciation of the research being conducted in this area, and perhaps gain inspiration for their own scientific endeavors.

History of engineering & technology --- Polyimide fiber --- thermal stability --- swelling agent --- dyeability --- carbon textile reinforced mortar --- uniaxial tensile tests --- debonding failure --- steel fibers --- prestress --- multi-cracking pattern --- polyacrylonitrile --- polyaniline --- conductive fibers --- flax fiber-reinforced composite --- strain rate effect --- Johnson–Cook model --- lattice structure --- failure mechanism --- textiles --- composite preforming --- mechanical properties --- shear behavior --- surface analysis --- picture frame test --- kinematic draping simulation --- textile --- PET --- biomaterials --- iPS-cells --- cardiomyocytes --- maturation --- gene expression --- electronic textiles --- AMOLED --- OTFTs --- OLEDs --- textile displays --- organic thin film --- graft polymerization --- surface modification --- hydrogels --- gamma irradiation --- silver nanoparticles --- antibacterial activity --- temperature sensor --- conductivity --- coatings --- deposition --- thermocouple --- material characterization --- smart clothing --- temperature sensing --- wearable technology --- nanomaterials --- environmental impacts --- toxicity --- health and safety --- conductive fibres --- cellulose fibres --- pressure sensor --- smart textiles --- viscose fibres --- carbon black --- biocementation --- MICP --- jute fibres --- unconfined compressive strength --- urea hydrolysis --- sustainable geotechnics --- self-healing --- n/a --- Johnson-Cook model

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Product miniaturization is a trend for facilitating product usage, enabling product functions to be implemented in microscale geometries, and aimed at reducing product weight, volume, cost and pollution. Driven by ongoing miniaturization in diverse areas, including medical devices, precision equipment, communication devices, micro-electromechanical systems and microsystems technology, the demands for micro metallic products have been tremendously increased. Such a trend requires the development of advanced technology for the micromanufacturing of metallic materials, with regard to producing high-quality micro metallic products that possess excellent dimensional tolerances, the required mechanical properties and improved surface quality. Micromanufacturing differs from conventional manufacturing technology in terms of materials, processes, tools, and machines and equipment, due to the miniaturization nature of the whole micromanufacturing system, which challenges the rapid development of micromanufacturing technology. Such a background has prompted and encouraged us to publish a scholarly book on the topic of the micromanufacturing of metallic materials, with the purpose of providing readers with a valuable document that can be used in the research and development of micromanufacturing technology. This book will be useful for both theoretical and applied research aimed at micromanufacturing technology, and will serve as an important research tool, providing knowledge to be returned to the community not only as valuable scientific literature, but also as technology, processes and productivities.

magnesium alloy --- equal channel angular pressing --- processing route --- miniaturized tensile tests --- slip systems --- twinning --- slow tool servo --- ultra-precision diamond turning --- micro lens arrays (MLAs) --- chatter mark --- forming method --- metallic glasses --- thermoplastic microforming --- ultrasonic vibration --- formability --- freeform optics --- tool path generation --- large aperture optics --- ultra-thin foil --- slip system evolution --- tensile process --- crystal plasticity --- numerical simulation --- grain orientation --- fine blanking --- metallic microgear --- finite element analysis --- electron backscatter diffraction --- critical fracture value --- packaging --- copper substrate --- micro-embossing --- micro-textures --- plasma printing --- micro-punch array --- screen printing --- AISI316 --- surface microstructure --- electrically-assisted rolling --- current density --- T2 copper foil --- additive manufacturing --- residual stress --- thermal stress --- distortion --- prevention --- modeling --- computation --- electrically assisted --- bio-inspired functional surface --- bulk metallic glass --- photolithography --- acoustic softening --- residual effect --- microthin sheet --- forming limit --- punch load --- cut surface quality --- optimum clearance --- blanking experimental --- finite element method analysis --- EDM --- surface --- optimization --- machining --- titanium --- difficult-to-cut material --- Inconel 718 alloy --- micro-drilling --- aspect ratio hole --- deionized water --- micromanufacturing --- metallic materials --- miniaturization --- micro products