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Vietnam is one of the only South East Asian emerging economies not to have gone into recession in 2009 in the wake of the world crisis. Nonetheless, it has been affected deeply by the crisis, as shown by all macro-economic indicators. The yearly growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been slowing down from 8.5 percent in 2007 to 6.3 percent in 2008 then 5.3 percent in 2009, before recovering to 6.5 percent in 2010. Overall, because of productivity gains and rapid growth of the labour force due to the 'demographic dividend' which is currently peaking, an average economic growth of 7.5 percent such as attained during 2000-2008 is hardly sufficient to absorb new entrants on the labour market. Even with such a high growth rate, around one fourth of new entrants end up in the informal sector. The latter thus absorbs the labour surplus which agriculture and the formal sector are unable to employ. Several quick qualitative assessments of the impact of the crisis have been conducted in Asia and especially in Vietnam, based on a small number of interviews in some selected industries. They indeed put in evidence the impact of the crisis on the informal sector in terms of employment, number of hours worked and wages. But, due to the lack of data, no quantitative study of the impact of the crisis on the informal sector had been conducted until now. This is precisely the objective of this policy brief, based on the results of two rounds of Household Business and Informal Sector (HB&IS) surveys conducted on a statistically representative sample in Hanoi and HCMC in 2007 and 2009 within an international research project between Vietnam's General Statistics Office (GSO) and the French Institute. This brief can be usefully complemented by two companion papers: the first one presents the adjustment of the labour market and the informal economy nationwide the second one provides detailed results on the dynamics of the informal sector in the two main cities between 2007 and 2009.

Debt --- Developed Countries --- Developing Countries --- Economics --- Employment --- Employment and Unemployment --- Gdp --- Household Income --- Income Distribution --- Inequality --- Informal Sector --- Insurance --- International Labour Organization --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Mortality --- Poverty Impact Evaluation --- Poverty Monitoring & analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Productivity --- Profit Sharing --- Public officials --- Savings --- Social Protections and Labor --- Temporary Workers --- Transparency --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Workers --- Working Hours

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In 2003 International Finance Corporation (IFC) committed a loan of US USD 75 million to Powerlinks Transmission Limited (PTL) a joint venture company, to construct power transmission lines that helped evacuate hydropower from Bhutan to a number of States in north and east India. Unlike most studies which tend to focus on jobs created through construction and O&M (category one jobs) of power projects, this study looks at employment effects more comprehensively and also estimates category two jobs that are created- id est those jobs that are created as the increase in power supply brought by PTL helps firms expand their output and hence create more jobs. We also specifically focused on the impact of increased reliability in power supply through reduced power outages, on job creation. The purpose of the transmission system is to expand the capacity of the Indian grid, connecting the power surplus regions of east and northeast India with the power deficit region of north India. PTL commenced construction in November 2003 and achieved commercial operation in 2006. This is the first private sector transmission project in India as well as in a developing country in Asia. The objective of this study is to assess the employment effects of the Power links project in both India and Bhutan. Wherever possible, an effort was made to assess over development impact on welfare of people in India and Bhutan.

Accounting --- Agriculture --- Coal --- Consumers --- Economics --- Electricity --- Employment --- Employment Opportunities --- Energy --- Energy Consumption --- Energy Policy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy Supply --- Gdp --- Gross Domestic Product --- Household Consumption --- Household Income --- Human Resources --- Hydropower --- Informal Sector --- Insurance --- Job Creation --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Natural Gas --- Poverty Reduction --- Power & Energy Conversion --- Power Generation --- Power Sector --- Private Sector --- Social Protections and Labor --- Temporary Workers --- Unemployment --- Workers

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This note provides a general background of the main features of labor regulation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and benchmarks them against international best practices. The note compiles information on available labor laws and other legal acts concerning employment protection regulation. Within the broader scope of labor regulation, and in order to assure regional comparability, information collected focuses on key issues in the labor law associated with commencing or terminating employment and during the period of employment (including maternity benefits). The main sources the data are the World Bank doing business 2010 and International Labour Organisation (ILO) databank. This note is a tool to provide policymakers and international organizations with a regional diagnose of how labor regulation affects labor market outcomes in MENA and inform client governments about strategic approaches to employment creation through labor policy and reform. This activity comes as a response to regional priorities in the context of the Arab World Initiative (AWI). One of the six strategic themes of the AWI focuses explicitly on employment creation as a top priority. Part of the World Bank's mandate under the AWI is to inform client governments about strategic approaches to employment creation through labor policy and reform.

Adverse Effects --- Child Labor --- Disadvantaged Groups --- Employment --- Employment Opportunities --- Employment Protection Legislation --- Employment Rates --- Health Insurance --- Human Capital --- Income Distribution --- Informal Sector --- Job Creation --- Labor Costs --- Labor Markets --- Labor Mobility --- Labor Policies --- Labor Policy --- Labor Relations --- Labor Standards --- Layoffs --- Life Expectancy --- Lifelong Learning --- Living Standards --- Market Economy --- Older Workers --- Political Economy --- Productivity --- Property Rights --- Recommendations --- Severance Pay --- Social Protections and Labor --- Strikes --- Technical Assistance --- Temporary Workers --- Trade Unions --- Unemployment --- Unskilled Workers --- Work & Working Conditions --- Workers --- Working Hours --- Younger Workers

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Government wage bills have been growing across the world, but are exceptionally high in the MENA region relative to countries' state of development, whether measured as a share of GDP, or of government revenue and spending (World Bank, 2004). Across the region government wage bills threaten fiscal sustainability. There are many drivers behind the large wage bills, whether of central government alone or of general government. Government employment numbers also seem to grow inexorably, in many areas faster than required to deliver services in line with population growth. Other factors have been weak staff control systems, the authorization of new recruitment outside budget frameworks, and laxly applied staff performance assessment systems, in addition to absenteeism, and the difficulty under public service rules of disciplining and ultimately terminating poorly performing staff. This paper takes a look at government wage bill growth, alongside current approaches to recruitment, staff performance assessments and promotions, with particular emphasis on Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. These country examples are complemented by a broader regional analysis to illustrate overarching trends in public sector employment.The objective is to identify the various forces at work, how they interact, and thereby document and understand better the dynamic of public sector wage bill expansion in the Middle East as well as potential linkages to public sector performance. The paper also looks at reform efforts, extracts lessons and identify potential reform options to better control wage bill growth and the unbalancing effects it has had on the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending generally. Furthermore, while the paper does not present a comprehensive overview of the nature of public employment in MENA, it aims to identify potential areas for further research in this domain.

Administrative & Civil Service Reform --- Administrative and Civil Service Reform --- Administrative Reform --- Debt --- Early Retirement --- Educational Attainment --- Employment --- Employment and Unemployment --- Finance --- Financial Management --- Governance --- Human Resources --- Inflation --- Informal Sector --- Job Creation --- Local Government --- Management --- National Governance --- Private Sector --- Public Debt --- Public Expenditure, Financial Management and Procurement --- Public Health --- Public officials --- Public Policy --- Public Sector Employees --- Public Sector Governance --- Public Sector Reform --- Retirement --- Roads --- Social Protections & Assistance --- Social Protections and Labor --- Temporary Workers --- Total Factor Productivity --- Transparency --- Unemployment --- Workers

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Hong Kong is a meeting place for migrant domestic workers, traders, refugees, asylum seekers, tourists, businessmen, and local residents. In Born Out of Place, Nicole Constable looks at the experiences of Indonesian and Filipina women in this Asian world city. Giving voice to the stories of these migrant mothers, their South Asian, African, Chinese, and Western expatriate partners, and their Hong Kong-born babies, Constable raises a serious question: Do we regard migrants as people, or just as temporary workers? This accessible ethnography provides insight into global problems of mobility, family, and citizenship and points to the consequences, creative responses, melodramas, and tragedies of labor and migration policies.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Women's Studies. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Emigration & Immigration. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural. --- Emigration and immigration --- Women foreign workers --- Women immigrants --- Foreign women workers --- Women alien labor --- Migrant women labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant women workers (Foreign workers) --- Women migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Women migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Foreign workers --- Women employees --- Immigrant women --- Immigrants --- Social aspects. --- Social conditions. --- Hong Kong (China) --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China) --- Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu (China) --- 香港特別行政區 (China) --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo Xiang gang te bie xing zheng qu --- 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 --- HKSAR (China) --- Hsiang-kang tʻe pieh hsing cheng chʻü (China) --- Xianggang (China) --- 香港 (China) --- Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu (China) --- Hong Kong S.A.R. (China) --- Hong Kong --- Emigration and immigration. --- asia. --- asian immigration. --- asian migration. --- asylum seekers. --- businessmen. --- china. --- chinese politics. --- citizenship. --- domestic workers. --- ethnography. --- family. --- filipina women. --- global problems. --- hong kong. --- humanity. --- indonesia. --- indonesian women. --- labor politics. --- local residents. --- major city. --- migrant domestic workers. --- migrant mothers. --- migrants. --- migration politics. --- migration. --- mobility. --- morality. --- mothering. --- parenthood. --- parenting. --- refugees. --- south asia. --- temporary workers. --- the philippine islands. --- tourists. --- traders. --- working class. --- world city.