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Beyond its identification with the second law of thermodynamics, entropy is a formidable tool for describing systems in their relationship with their environment. This book proposes to go through some of these situations where the formulation of entropy, and more precisely, the production of entropy in out-of-equilibrium processes, makes it possible to forge an approach to the behavior of very different systems. Whether for dimensioning structures; influencing parameter variability; or optimizing power, efficiency, or waste heat reduction, simulations based on entropy production offer a tool that is both compact and reliable. In the case of systems marked by complexity, it appears to be the only way. In that sense, realistic optimization can be carried out, integrating within the same framework both the system and all the constraints and boundary conditions that define it. Simulations based on entropy give the researcher a powerful analytical framework that crosses the disciplines of physics and links them together.

Research & information: general --- segmented thermoelectric generator --- pulsed heat --- transient --- non-equilibrium quantum field theory --- quantum brain dynamics --- Kadanoff–Baym equation --- entropy --- super-radiance --- complex systems thermodynamics --- machine learning --- quantum phase transition --- Ising model --- variational autoencoder --- out of equilibrium thermodynamics --- finite time thermodynamics --- living systems --- polyelectrolytes --- Ohm law --- colloids --- Debye plasmas --- thermodynamics --- pressure-ionization --- electrical conductivity --- electronic entropy --- Seebeck coefficient --- transport --- LaFeSi --- FeRh --- CuNi --- thermoelectrics --- power conversion --- efficiency --- voltage-electrical current curve --- working point --- entropy pump mode --- generator mode --- power factor --- figure of merit --- Altenkirch-Ioffe model --- entropy production --- optimization --- reactor modelling --- irreversible thermodynamics --- TEG performance --- device modeling --- temperature profile --- constant properties model --- Fourier heat --- Thomson heat --- Joule heat --- thermoelectric materials --- energy harvesting --- thermoelectric generator --- working points --- maximum electrical power point

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"This book provides readers with the skills they need to write computer codes that simulate convection, internal gravity waves, and magnetic field generation in the interiors and atmospheres of rotating planets and stars. Using a teaching method perfected in the classroom, Gary Glatzmaier begins by offering a step-by-step guide on how to design codes for simulating nonlinear time-dependent thermal convection in a two-dimensional box using Fourier expansions in the horizontal direction and finite differences in the vertical direction. He then describes how to implement more efficient and accurate numerical methods and more realistic geometries in two and three dimensions. In the third part of the book, Glatzmaier demonstrates how to incorporate more sophisticated physics, including the effects of magnetic field, density stratification, and rotation.Featuring numerous exercises throughout, this is an ideal textbook for students and an essential resource for researchers. Describes how to create codes that simulate the internal dynamics of planets and stars Builds on basic concepts and simple methods Shows how to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical methods Describes more relevant geometries and boundary conditions Demonstrates how to incorporate more sophisticated physics "--

Convection (Astrophysics) --- Planets --- Stars --- Astrophysics --- Heat --- Atmospheres of stars --- Stellar atmospheres --- Atmospheres of planets --- Planetary atmospheres --- Computer simulation. --- Mathematical models. --- Atmospheres. --- Convection --- 2.5D spherical-shell. --- 3D cartesian box. --- 3D spherical-shell. --- Adams-Bashforth time integration scheme. --- Boussinesq approximation. --- ChebyshevІourier method. --- CrankЎicolson scheme. --- Fourier expansions. --- Fourier mode. --- Fourier transforms. --- Galerkin method. --- Nusselt number. --- Poisson equation. --- Prandtl number. --- Rayleigh number. --- RayleighЂnard convection. --- Reynolds number. --- RungeЋutta scheme. --- advection. --- anelastic approximation. --- anelastic model. --- arbitrary background field. --- aspect ratio. --- boundary conditions. --- boundary layers. --- cartesian box geometry. --- computer analysis. --- computer code. --- computer graphics. --- computer simulations. --- conservation equations. --- convection. --- coordinate mapping. --- critical Rayleigh number. --- density stratification. --- diffusion. --- dispersion relation. --- double-diffusive convection. --- energy. --- entropy. --- finite-amplitude simulations. --- finite-difference method. --- fluid dynamics. --- fluid flow. --- fluid velocity. --- horizontal background field. --- infinite Prandtl number. --- internal gravity waves. --- kinetic energy spectrum. --- linear code. --- linear dispersion relation. --- linear equations. --- linear model. --- linear stability analysis. --- linear stability problem. --- magnetic field generation. --- magnetic field. --- magneto-gravity waves. --- magnetoconvection. --- magnetohydrodynamic equations. --- magnetohydrodynamics. --- mantle convection. --- marginal stability. --- mass. --- momentum. --- nonlinear code. --- nonlinear convection. --- nonlinear evolution. --- nonlinear simulations. --- nonlinear terms. --- nonuniform grid. --- numerical code. --- numerical method. --- numerical model. --- oscillating instability. --- parallel code. --- parallel processing. --- postprocessing code. --- predictor-corrector scheme. --- pressure. --- rotation. --- salt-fingering instability. --- semi-implicit scheme. --- semiconvection instability. --- spatial discretization. --- spatial resolution. --- spectral method. --- spectral space. --- spherical harmonic expansions. --- staircase profile. --- temperature profile. --- temperature. --- thermal convection. --- thermal diffusion. --- thermal stratification. --- time integration schemes. --- vorticity-streamfunction formulation. --- vorticity. --- wave energy.

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Agriculture, as the main source of alimentation and the most important economic activity globally, is being affected by the impacts of climate change. To maintain and increase our global food system production, to reduce biodiversity loss and preserve our natural ecosystem, new practices and technologies are required. This book focuses on the latest advances in remote sensing technology and agricultural engineering leading to the sustainable agriculture practices. Earth observation data, in situ and proxy-remote sensing data are the main source of information for monitoring and analyzing agriculture activities. Particular attention is given to earth observation satellites and the Internet of Things for data collection, to multispectral and hyperspectral data analysis using machine learning and deep learning, to WebGIS and the Internet of Things for sharing and publication of the results, among others.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- geographic information system (GIS) --- pocket beaches --- coastal management --- Interreg --- climate change --- remote sensing --- drone --- Sicily --- Malta --- Gozo --- Comino --- systematic literature review --- anomaly intrusion detection --- deep learning --- IoT --- resource constraint --- IDS --- evapotranspiration --- penman-monteith equation --- artificial neural network --- canopy conductance --- Ziz basin --- water quality --- satellite image analysis --- modeling approach --- nitrate --- dissolved oxygen --- chlorophyll a --- time series analysis --- environmental monitoring --- water extraction --- modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) --- machine learning algorithm --- hyperspectral --- proximal sensing --- panicle initiation --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- green ring --- internode-elongation --- Sentinel 1 and 2 --- Copernicus Sentinels --- crop classification --- food security --- agricultural monitoring --- data analysis --- SAR --- random forest --- 3D bale wrapping method --- equal bale dimensions --- mathematical model --- minimal film consumption --- optimal bale dimensions --- round bales --- Sentinel-2 --- SVM --- RF --- Boufakrane River watershed --- irrigation requirements --- water resources --- sustainable land use --- agriculture --- invasive plants --- precision agriculture --- rice farming --- site-specific weed management --- nitrogen prediction --- 1D convolution neural networks --- cucumber --- crop yield improvement --- mango leaf --- CCA --- vein pattern --- leaf disease --- cubic SVM --- chlorophyll-a concentration --- transfer learning --- overfitting --- data augmentation --- guava disease --- plant disease detection --- crops diseases --- entropy --- features fusion --- machine learning --- object-based classification --- density estimation --- histogram --- land use --- crop fields --- soil tillage --- data fusion --- multispectral --- sensor --- probe --- temperature profile --- forest roads --- simulation --- autonomous robots --- smart agriculture --- environmental protection --- photogrammetry --- path planning --- internet of things --- modeling --- convolutional neural networks --- machine vision --- computer vision --- modular robot --- selective spraying --- vision-based crop and weed detection --- Faster R-CNN --- YOLOv5 --- band selection --- CNN --- NDVI --- hyperspectral imaging --- crops --- urban flood --- Sentinel-1a --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- 3D Convolutional Neural Network --- multi-temporal data --- land use classification --- GIS --- Coatzacoalcos --- algorithms --- clustering --- pest control --- site-specific --- virtual pests --- rice plant --- weed --- hyperspectral imagery --- sustainable agriculture --- green technologies --- Internet of Things --- natural resources --- sustainable environment --- IoT ecosystem --- hyperspectral remoting sensing --- crop mapping --- image classification --- deep transfer learning --- hyperparameter optimization --- metaheuristic --- soil attribute --- ordinary Kriging --- rational sampling numbers --- spatial heterogeneity --- sampling --- soil pH --- spatial variation --- ordinary kriging --- Land Use/Land Cover --- LISS-III --- Landsat --- Vision Transformer --- Bidirectional long-short term memory --- Google Earth Engine --- Explainable Artificial Intelligence