Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Technical change(market penetration) --- Market penetration by technical change

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper examines the agricultural productivity-farm size relationship in the context of Bangladesh. Features of Bangladesh's agriculture help overcome several limitations in testing the inverse farm size-productivity relationship in other developing country settings. A stochastic production frontier model is applied using data from three rounds of a household panel survey to estimate simultaneously the production frontier and the technical inefficiency functions. The "correlated random effects" approach is used to control for unobserved heterogeneous household effects. Methodologically, the results suggest that the stochastic production frontier models that ignore the inefficiency function are likely mis-specified, and may result in misleading conclusions on the farm size-productivity relationship. Empirically, the findings confirm that the farm size and productivity relationship is negative, but with the inverse relationship diminishing over time. Total factor productivity growth, driven by technical change, is found to have been robust across the sample. Across farm size groups, the relatively larger farmers experienced faster technical change, which helped them to catch up and narrow the productivity gap with the smaller farmers.

Agriculture --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Food Security --- Labor Markets --- Productivity --- Rural Development --- Rural Labor Markets --- Social Protections and Labor --- Stochastic Frontier --- Technical Change

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper derives the skill content of 30 countries, ranging from low-income to high-income ones, from the occupational structure of their economies. Five different skills are defined.. Cross-country measures of skill content show that the intensity of national production of manual skills declines with per capita income in a monotonic way, while it increases for non-routine cognitive and interpersonal skills. For some countries, the analysis is able to trace the development of skill intensities of aggregate production over time. The paper finds that although the increasing intensity of non-routine skills is uniform across countries, patterns of skill intensities with respect to different forms of routine skills differ markedly.

ICT Policy and Strategies --- Knowledge for Development --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Occupational structure --- Occupations --- Patterns of skill intensities --- Rural Development Knowledge & Information Systems --- Skill biased technical change --- Skill intensities --- Tasks --- World Bank

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Immigration policy is one of the most contentious public policy issues in the United States today. High-skilled immigrants represent an increasing share of the U.S. workforce, particularly in science and engineering fields. These immigrants affect economic growth, patterns of trade, education choices, and the earnings of workers with different types of skills. The chapters in this volume go beyond the traditional question of how the inflow of foreign workers affects native employment and earnings to explore effects on innovation and productivity, wage inequality across skill groups, the behavior of multinational firms, firm-level dynamics of entry and exit, and the nature of comparative advantage across countries.

Foreign workers --- Skilled labor --- Labor --- Economic aspects --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- Economic aspects. --- Foreign workers - United States --- Skilled labor - Economic aspects - United States --- United States - Emigration and immigration - Economic aspects --- H-1B visa. --- L-1 visa. --- STEM. --- United States. --- growth. --- immigration. --- innovation. --- outsourcing. --- polarization. --- technical change.