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Als Meidungsgebote nehmen Tabus kulturelle Regelungsfunktionen ein und dienen der Sicherung einer Wertegemeinschaft. Sie beziehen sich auf kulturelle Felder, die emotional stark besetzt sind. Deshalb werden Tabuverletzungen nicht nur durch konkrete Strafen geahndet, sondern sind vor allem durch Affektökonomien reguliert, durch die sich Gefühle von Schuld, Scham und Peinlichkeit unwillkürlich einstellen. Nur wenige Tabus wie das Tötungs- oder das Inzesttabu haben universelle Bedeutung. Viele Tabus sind kulturspezifisch und in ihrer Geltung und Reichweite geschlechtsspezifisch codiert. Der Band „TABU“ nimmt insbesondere solche Phänomene in den Blick, denn gerade in der Auseinandersetzung mit Interkulturalität und Gender erweisen sich Tabus als Bedeutungsknoten von Kultur. Eine herausragende Rolle spielen dabei die Künste, die Tabus nicht nur reflektieren, sondern durch die Inszenierung von Tabubrüchen ihr innovatives Potential freisetzen.
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Psychoanalysis. --- Taboo. --- Psychoanalysis --- Taboo.
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Why do most people never have sex with close relatives? And why do they disapprove of other people doing so? Incest Avoidance and Incest Taboos investigates our human inclination to avoid incest and the powerful taboo against incest found in all societies. Both subjects stir strong feelings and vigorous arguments within and beyond academic circles. With great clarity, Wolf lays out the modern assumptions about both, concluding that all previous approaches lack precision and balance on insecure evidence. Researchers he calls "constitutionalists" explain human incest avoidance by biologically-based natural aversion, but fail to explain incest taboos as cultural universals. By contrast, "conventionalists" ignore the evolutionary roots of avoidance and assume that incest avoidant behavior is guided solely by cultural taboos. Both theories are incomplete. Wolf tests his own theory with three natural experiments: bint'amm (cousin) marriage in Morocco, the rarity of marriage within Israeli kibbutz peer groups, and "minor marriages" (in which baby girls were raised by their future mother-in-law to marry an adoptive "brother") in China and Taiwan. These cross-cultural comparisons complete his original and intellectually rich theory of incest, one that marries biology and culture by accounting for both avoidance and taboo. (Provided by publisher)
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This volume brings together experts from a wide range of disciplines to define and describe tabooed words and language and to investigate the reasons and beliefs behind them. In general, taboo is defined as a proscription of behaviour for a specific community, time, and context. In terms of language, taboo applies to instances of language behaviour: the use of certain words in certain contexts. The existence of linguistic taboos and their management lead to the censoring of behaviour and, as a consequence, to language change and development.0Chapters in this volume explore the multiple types of tabooed language from a variety of perspectives, such as sociolinguistics, anthropology, philosophy, psychology, historical linguistics, and neurolinguistics, and with reference to fields such as law, publishing, politics, and advertising. Topics covered include impoliteness, swearing, censorship, taboo in deaf communities, translation of tabooed words, and the use of taboo in banter and comedy.
Taboo, Linguistic. --- Taboo, Linguistic --- Linguistic taboo --- Ineffable, The --- Taboo
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Taboo --- Psychology
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Taboo. --- Semantics.
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